@article {37, title = {In vitro effects of Pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology}, volume = {25}, year = {2016}, month = {06/2016}, pages = {248-253}, chapter = {248}, abstract = {

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) and pilocarpine
hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), respectively, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify these compounds. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. Five AE and EE concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg mL\–1, and six concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride, ranging from 0.7 to 24.0 mg mL\–1, were tested. The lethal concentration (LC50) of each extract for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. The concentration of pilocarpine hydrochloride obtained from the EE and the AE was 1.3 and 0.3\% (m/m), respectively. Pilocarpine hydrochloride presented the highest acaricidal activity on larvae (LC50 2.6 mg mL\–1) and engorged females (LC50 11.8 mg mL\–1) of R.(B.) microplus, followed by the EE which presented LC50 of 56.4 and 15.9 mg mL\–1, for larvae and engorged females, respectively. Such results indicate that pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity, and may be the primary compound responsible for this activity by P. microphyllus EE.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade dos extratos aquoso (AE) e etan\ólico (EE) e do cloridrato de pilocarpina,
que foram, respectivamente, extra\ídos e isolado de Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus. Cromatografia l\íquida de alta efici\ência foi realizada para quantifica\ç\ão dos compostos. Testes de pacote de
larvas e de imers\ão de adultos foram realizados com diferentes concentra\ç\ões. Cinco concentra\ç\ões do AE e EE variando
de 6,2 a 100,0 mg mL\–1 e seis concentra\ç\ões do cloridrato de pilocarpina variando de 0,7 a 24,0 mg mL\–1 foram testadas.
A concentra\ç\ão letal (CL50) de cada extrato para larvas e f\êmeas ingurgitadas foi estimada por meio da an\álise Probit.
A concentra\ç\ão de cloridrato de pilocarpina obtida do EE e AE foi de 1,3 e 0,3\% (m/m), respectivamente. O cloridrato
de pilocarpina apresentou a maior atividade carrapaticida sobre larvas (CL50 2,6 mg mL\–1) e f\êmeas ingurgitadas
(CL50 11,8 mg mL\–1) de R. (B.) microplus, seguido do EE que apresentou CL50 de 56,4 e 15,9 mg mL\–1, para larvas
e f\êmeas ingurgitadas, respectivamente. Tais resultados indicam que o cloridrato de pilocarpina apresenta atividade
carrapaticida e pode ser o principal respons\ável pela atividade acaricida do EE de P. microphyllus.

}, keywords = {Acaricida, Acaricide, carrapato, cloridrato de pilocarpina, control, controle, pilocarpine hydrochloride, Pilocarpus micropyllus, tick}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016032}, author = {Castro, K.N.C. and Lima, D.F. and Wolschick, D. and Andrade, I.M. and Santos, R.C. and Santos, F.J.S. and Veras, L.M.C. and Costa-J{\'u}nior, L.M.} } @article {36, title = {Ethnobotanical and ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants used in the municipality of Bom Princ{\'\i}pio do Piau{\'\i}, Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2016}, month = {17 June 2016}, pages = {318-330}, chapter = {318}, abstract = {

Knowledge of medicinal plants has accumulated over centuries and often represents the only
therapeutic resource of small municipalities in the interior of Brazil. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the population of the municipality of Bom
Princ\ípio do Piau\í, Piau\í state, for the treatment of diseases in humans and domestic animals.
Interviews were conducted with 38 residents using standardized questionnaire forms, with the
\"snowball\" technique. Fifty nine families, 98 genera and 112 species were recorded. Of these, 22.3\%
were indicated for the treatment of diseases in animals and 9.8\% were said to cause adverse effects.
The families with most species were Fabaceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (11) and Lamiaceae (6). The species
with greatest use value (UV) were Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem\ão (0.65), Dysphania ambrosioides
(L.) Mosyakin and Clemants (0.63) and Amburana cearensis (Allem\ão) A.C.Sm. (0.42). The leaves were
the parts most frequently used (26.8\%), followed by bark (21.0\%). Of the 15 used categories listed in this
study, those with the highest number of recorded species were related to illnesses associated with the
digestive tract (102), diseases of the genitourinary system (72) and diseases of the respiratory system
(60). This study revealed the importance of knowledge and use of medicinal plants in caring for the
health of people and domestic animals in the municipality. In addition, the study provided information
on plants of the local flora with pharmacological potential.

}, keywords = {Caatinga, herbal medicine, medicinal plant, popular knowledge}, issn = {ISSN 1996-0875}, doi = {10.5897/JMPR2015.6038}, author = {Castro, K.N.C. and Wolschick, D. and Leite, R.R.S. and Andrade, I.M. and Magalh{\~a}es, J.A. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {22, title = {Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the community of Sobradinho, Lu{\'\i}s Correia, Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2015}, month = {08/2015}, pages = {872-883}, chapter = {872}, abstract = {

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Sobradinho community, Lu\ís Correia, Piau\í, Brazil was undertaken to recover and document traditional knowledge with the aim of supporting chemical, biological, agronomic, pharmaceutical and socio-economic studies related to the region\&$\#$39;s biodiversity. Fifteen research visits to the community were made between March 2013 to January 2014 involving 31 respondents from the community, the majority (74.4\%) being women aged between 27 and 84 years. The methodology used was interview by the snowball method using questionnaires. Analysis of the data gathered was based on use value and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Botanical voucher specimens were made of the species cited by informants and deposited at the HDELTA herbarium. 57 species belonging to 33 families were identified, of which 56\% were native and 44\% exotic. The best represented families were Fabaceae (14\%), Lamiaceae and Myrtaceae (9\% each). The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts (69\%), followed by the stem (22\%), fruit (4\%), flower (2\%), root and seed (1\%). The species that showed the highest use value (VU) were Cymbopogon
citratus (DC.) Stapf (capim-santo) and Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) with VU = 0.26. The Shannon-Wiener index value was highest for the elderly group (n=15, 48\% of total respondents), but young people were not represented among the informants. A total of 67 different medicinal indications were recorded, the highest number of species being used to treat medical conditions associated with inflammation, pain and fever. Informants claimed to have learned the use of medicinal plants from older members of the community and there was little interest evident among young people in acquiring this knowledge. Community informants are the holders of medicinal plant knowledge of the local flora and its practical application.

}, author = {Silva, J.D.A. and Nascimento, M.G.P. and Grazina, L.G. and Castro, K.N.C. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} }