@article {42, title = {Araceae do PIAU{\'I}}, journal = {Iheringia}, volume = {vvv}, year = {2017}, month = {vv}, pages = {vv}, type = {vv}, chapter = {vv}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M.}, editor = {Mayo, Simon J.} } @article {24, title = {Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae)}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais}, volume = {17}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {1142-1149}, chapter = {1142}, abstract = {

RESUMO: O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doen\ças \é uma estrat\égia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as popula\ç\ões do mundo, e, embora novos antibi\óticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, \às vezes s\ão ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais t\êm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados \à antibi\óticos de uso cl\ínico, representando alternativa terap\êutica para doen\ças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, \é esp\écie macr\ófita, aqu\ática emergente de h\ábito herb\áceo, pertencente a fam\ília Araceae e ocorre em \áreas alag\áveis. A utilidade farmacol\ógica desta esp\écie \é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreum\ático, antidiur\ético e expectorante. Devido \à relev\ância no campo etnofarmacol\ógico, ampla utiliza\ç\ão na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados \à atividade antibacteriana desta esp\écie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alco\ólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igara\çu, Parna\íba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bact\érias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as t\écnicas de verifica\ç\ão da forma\ç\ão de halos de inibi\ç\ão e determina\ç\ão das concentra\ç\ões inibit\órias e bactericidas m\ínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metan\ólico seco (EMS), extrato metan\ólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etan\ólico seco (EES), apresentaram a\ç\ão antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etan\ólico fresco (EEF) n\ão apresentou atividade para as bact\érias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentra\ç\ão de 200 \μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 \μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 \μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 \μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 \μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 \μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacol\ógicas de plantas da fam\ília Araceae s\ão escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho s\ão pioneiros em rela\ç\ão a atividade antibacteriana desta esp\écie.

Palavras-chave: Araceae, bioatividade, extratos alco\ólicos, atividade antibacteriana.

ABSTRACT: Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae). For a long time, medicinal herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases by almost all populations in the world, and although new antibiotics have been developed for the control of infectious micro-organisms, they are sometimes ineffective. Many herbal extracts have antimicrobial effects and represent a potential alternative therapy for infectious diseases, especially when associated with the clinical use of antibiotics. The Montrichardia linifera, popularly known as Aninga, is a robust, herbaceous, emergent aquatic macrophyte belonging to the Araceae family, appearing along rivers and stream margins in the tropical America. The pharmacological application of this species are several ones, having been reported to own a healing, antirheumatic, anti-diuretic and expectorant effect. Due to the relevance in the ethnopharmacological field, the spread use in popular medicine and the few researches related to the antibacterial activity of this specie, the study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic leaf extracts of plants of Montrichardia linifera collected along the margins of Rio Igara\çu, Parna\íba, Piau\í, Brazil. The extract was tested in eight strains of ATCC bacterial standards: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The verification techniques used were the formation of inhibition halos, and the determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC). The antibacterial tests showed, as main results, that dried methanol extract (EMS), fresh methanol extract (EMF) and dry ethanol extract (EES) exhibited antibacterial activity, while the fresh ethanol extract (EEF) was inactive against the tested bacteria. The EMS was the most efficient one, inhibiting bacterial growth at a concentration of 200 \μg/mL for E. faecalis, 400 \μg/mL for S. aureus 400 \μg/mL for S. epidermidis and 2.000 \μg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The EMF obtained a MIC of 2.000 \μg/mL for E. faecalis and EES obtained a MIC of 250 \μg/mL for E. faecalis. The results showed that M. linifera is an efficient source of bioactive antibacterial compounds. Studies about the pharmacological properties of plants of the family Araceae are scarce, and the results of this work are pioneer in regard to the antibacterial activity of this species.

Keywords: Araceae, bioactivity, alcoholic extracts, antibacterial activity.

}, author = {Miranda, J.A.L. and Rocha, J.A. and Ara{\'u}jo, K.M. and Quelemes, P.V. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {20, title = {The Araceae in Cear{\'a}, Brazil: humid forest plants in a semi-arid region}, journal = {Rodriguesia}, volume = {64}, year = {2013}, month = {24 Sep 2013}, pages = {1-33}, type = {research}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the Araceae of Cear\á, a state lying within Brazil\’s semi-arid region. The aroid flora shows greater similarity to those of central Brazil and Amazonia than to the Atlantic forest. Most species occur in humid forest fragments - the \“florestas serranas\”. Geophytes are also found in caatinga and dry forest (Taccarum ulei) and lithophytes on rock outcrops in dry forest (Philodendron acutatum). Floating aquatics occur in ponds and lakes throughout the state (Pistia stratiotes, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna minuta, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia columbiana, Wolffiella welwitschii), and freshwater helophytes (Montrichardia linifera) along river margins. 28 taxa (species and varieties) in 19 genera are described and most are illustrated: Anthurium (three spp.), Caladium (one sp.), Dieffenbachia (one sp.), Dracontium (one sp.), Lemna (two spp.), Monstera (two spp., one with two varieties), Montrichardia (one sp.), Philodendron (four spp.), Pistia (one sp.), Scaphispatha (one sp.), Spathicarpa (one sp.), Spathiphyllum (one sp.), Spirodela (one sp.), Syngonium (one sp.), Taccarum (one sp.), Wolffia (one sp.), Wolffiella (one sp.), Xanthosoma (two spp.), Zomicarpa (one sp.). New records for Cear\á are Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia, Dracontium nivosum, Monstera adansonii var. laniata, Philodendron sp. aff. ruthianum and the naturalized exotic Typhonium roxburghii. An identification key and data on geographic distribution and conservation status are provided.

}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and Silva, M. Francilene S. and Sousa, Danilo, J.L. and Matias, Ligia Q. and Ribeiro, Thales A.} } @article {10, title = {Genetic variation in natural populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum (Araceae) from north-east Brazil using AFLP molecular markers}, journal = {Journal of the Linnean Society,}, volume = {159}, year = {2009}, pages = {155}, chapter = {88}, abstract = {

Genetic variation was investigated using AFLP markers in 12 populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum (Araceae) in north-east Brazil, Amazonia and the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Two unique genetic patterns characterized the populations of A. sinuatum as a group, but no correlation between genetic and geographical interpopulation distance was found; the Amazonian population was not separated from that in Cear\á. The isolated Cear\á brejo populations of A. sinuatum were genetically distinct, but genetic diversity levels were similar to populations elsewhere, with no evidence of genetic erosion. Anthurium pentaphyllum populations were significantly different from each other; Bayesian genetic structural analysis found no common genetic pattern, but revealed genetic clusters unique to subgroups and individual populations in the Atlantic forest and French Guiana. Anthurium pentaphyllum and A. sinuatum can be distinguished genetically, but individuals of both species formed intermediate genetic clusters that blurred their distinction. We suggest that genetic mixing of A. sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum has occurred in north-east Brazil, possibly connected with cycles of humid forest expansion. The weak genetic structure in A. sinuatum is consistent with the natural fragmentation of continuous forest areas, possibly during the Holocene.

}, keywords = {Amazonia, Atlantic forest, brejo forests, French Guiana, species limits}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and van den Berg, C. and Fay, M.F. and Chester, M. and Lexer, C. and Kirkup, D.} } @article {8, title = {A Preliminary Study of Genetic Variation in Populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae) from North-East Brazil, Estimated with AFLP Molecular Markers}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, volume = {100}, year = {2007}, pages = {1154}, chapter = {1143}, abstract = {

\† Background and Aims This study sought genetic evidence of long-term isolation in populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae), a herbaceous, probably outbreeding, humid forest hemi-epiphyte, in the brejo forests of Ceara\´ (north-east Brazil), and clarification of their relationships with populations in Amazonia and the Atlantic forest of Brazil. \† Methods Within-population genetic diversity and between-population dissimilarity were estimated using AFLP molecular markers in 75 individuals from eight populations located in Ceara\´, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Amazonia. \† Key Results The populations showed a clinal pattern of weak genetic differentiation over a large geographical region (FST \¼ 0.1896). A strong correlation between genetic and geographical distance (Mantel test: r \¼ 0.6903, P \¼ 0.002) suggests a historical pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic structure analysis revealed at least two distinct gene pools in the data. The two isolated Ceara\´ populations are significantly different from each other ( pairwise FPT \¼ 0.137, P \¼ 0.003) and as diverse (Nei\’s gene diversity, average He \¼ 0.1832, 0.1706) as those in the Atlantic and Amazon forest regions. The population in southern Brazil is less diverse (Nei\’s gene diversity, average He \¼ 0.127) than the rest. The Ceara\´ populations are related to those of the Atlantic forest rather than those from Amazonia (AMOVA, among-groups variation \¼ 11.95 \%, P \¼ 0.037). \†Conclusions The gene pools detected within an overall pattern of clinal variation suggest distinct episodes of gene flow, possibly correlated with past humid forest expansions. The Ceara\´ populations show no evidence of erosion of genetic diversity, although this was expected because of their isolation. Their genetic differentiation and relatively high diversity reinforce the importance of conserving the endangered brejo forests..

}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and van den Berg, C. and Fay, M.F. and Chester, M. and Lexer, C. and Kirkup, D.} } @article {7, title = {Geometric morphometrics of leaf blade shape in Montrichardia linifera (Araceae) populations from the Rio Parna{\'\i}ba Delta, north-east Brazil}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {170}, year = {2012}, pages = {572}, chapter = {554}, abstract = {

Leaf characters of populations of the aquatic macrophyte Montrichardia linifera were studied using geometric morphometrics to compare variation with traditional circumscriptions of the two recognized species. Two hundred and ten individuals were sampled from seven populations in the delta region of the Rio Parna\íba, north-east Brazil. Six landmarks of the leaf blade were digitized from images and analysed with MorphoJ software. Procrustesaligned configurations were studied using principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis in the pooled data and individual populations. Sinus shape variation was studied using landmark configurations of the posterior lobe basiscopic lamina. Covariation of leaf blade shape, basiscopic lamina shape, secondary vein number and petiole ligule length was investigated with partial least squares analysis. Allometry of these variables with leaf blade centroid size was investigated using multivariate regression, linear modelling and analysis of covariance. Measured variables varied continuously over the ranges previously reported for the two species. The characters of the two species morphotypes covaried and were only partly influenced by allometric effects. Symmetric shape variables predominated, but a distinctive left- and right-handed asymmetry occurred in all populations. Genetic and ecological studies are needed to investigate the significant inter-population differences further. The study offers a methodology for a broader combined morphometric/molecular investigation

}, keywords = {allometry, Maranh{\~a}o, MorphoJ, multivariate analysis, Piau{\'\i}, taxonomy}, author = {Silva, M. Francilene S. and Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J.} }