@article {66, title = {III ENCONTRO REGIONAL DA CAATINGA}, year = {2021}, author = {Anon} } @article {64, title = {List of Anacardium morphometric and molecular studies}, year = {2019}, author = {Mayo, Simon J.} } @article {62, title = {Andrade et al. 2019 Supplementary Table 1}, year = {2019} } @article {57, title = {Morphometrics of wild cashew in coastal Piau{\'\i}}, journal = {Feddes Repertorium}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, pages = {1-28}, abstract = {

The infraspecific taxonomy of wild Anacardium occidentale is little studied. We investigated
whether wild populations on coastal dunes in Piau{\i}, Brazil differed from non-wild populations.
Ten populations were sampled and twenty one morphological variables were measured.
Variation within and between populations was investigated with univariate and
multivariate statistics. Dune populations were mostly more similar to one another than to
domesticated ones. There was significant correlation between inter-population geographical
distance and morphological dissimilarity. Classification methods showed 96.4\% successful
assignment to the dune category and 86\% to 100\% to dune populations
individually, but dune and non-dune populations overlap morphologically. Dune populations
had shorter, broader leaves, shorter drupes and fewer secondary veins. Non-dune coastal
populations showed strongest similarity to dune populations. Populations distant from the
coast were most divergent. The population from the cerrado region was most distinct, with
thicker leaf blades and narrower petioles. The dune populations are recognised as the
\“restinga ecotype\” of A. occidentale. Correlation of dissimilarity and distance may result
from gene flow and/or non-inherited environmental effects. Ecology and nomenclature (including
the vernacular \“caju{\i}\”) of the restinga ecotype are reviewed. Further comparison of
restinga populations is needed along the Brazilian coastline and with natural cerrado populations.

}, keywords = {Anacardium microcarpum, caju, caju{\'\i}, cerrado, infraspecific taxonomy, restinga}, doi = {DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201800024}, author = {Andrade, I.M. and Nascimento, J.D{\textquoteright}A.O. and Sousa, M.V. and Santos, J.O. and Mayo, S.J.} } @booklet {55, title = {II Encontro Regional da Caatinga }, year = {2019} } @article {29, title = {Fisionomias das restingas do Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba, Nordeste, Brasil}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Geografia F{\'\i}sica}, volume = {3}, year = {2010}, pages = {218-227}, chapter = {218}, abstract = {

O presente trabalho traz uma caracteriza\ç\ão das restingas da \Área de Preserva\ç\ão Ambiental do Delta do Parna\íba, litoral do Piau\í, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram estudadas e georreferenciadas as forma\ç\ões vegetais das \áreas assentadas sobre solos Quatern\ários. Foram identificados os tr\ês tipos de fisionomias tamb\ém presentes em outras restingas de diferentes regi\ões do litoral brasileiro, assim como os subtipos mais frequentes. Al\ém de uma concisa descri\ç\ão das fisionomias encontradas no local, o trabalho traz uma lista das esp\écies mais freq\üentes que predominam nestas paisagens.

This paper attempts to characterize \"Restinga\" (coastal vegetation) located at EPAs (Environmental Protection Areas) in the Parnaiba river delta by the coast of the state of Piau\í, in the northeast of Brazil. Vegetation forms in areas over on soils of the Quaternary age were studied and geographically-referenced. The three types of physiognomy were identified, these being the same types found at other \"Restinga\" areas on the Brazilian coast, as well as the most frequent subtypes. Along with a concise description of the physiognomy found on the coast of Piau\í, this paper also brings a list of the most frequent species that predominate in this landscape.

}, author = {Santos-Filho, F.S. and Almeida_Jr, E.B. and Soares, C.J.R.S. and Zickel, C.S.} } @article {28, title = {Cargas pol{\'\i}nicas de abelhas polinizadoras de Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelidade e fontes alternativas de recursos florais}, journal = {Acta Botanica Brasilica}, volume = {22}, year = {2008}, pages = {165-171}, chapter = {165}, abstract = {

(Pollen loads of pollinator bees of Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelity and alternative sources of
flower resources). Byrsonima chrysophylla, known as \“murici pitanga\”, is a shrubby species occurring in \‘restinga\’. Among its visitors, bees of the Centridini tribe as well as Xylocopini bees are frequently found. To detect which plant species have been used by the most frequent visitors, pollen loads from the back legs (n = 5) and also from natural nests of Centris caxiensis (n = 7) were treated by acetolysis. During flowering of Byrsonima chrysophylla, this plant species was the main pollen source used by bees. Comolia lythrarioides and Myrcia sylvatica were secondary pollen sources, Mouriri guianensis was a secondary oil and pollen source, while Anacardium microcarpum, Cuphea tenella, Matayba discolor and Phthirusa pyrifolia were important nectar sources at this time. The pollen detected in the samples probably adhered to the bee\’s body during nectar collection. The results show that the bee visitors do not mix pollen sources during the pollen-collecting flight, thus representing fidelity to Byrsonima chrysophylla flowers.

}, keywords = {Byrsonima, Centris, pollen, pollen fidelity, Xylocopa, {\textquoteleft}restinga{\textquoteright}}, author = {Ribeiro, E.K.M.D. and R{\^e}go, M.M.C. and Machado, I.C.S.} } @article {27, title = {Expansion of the geographic distribution of Faramea nitida Benth. in the restinga of Maranh{\~a}o state, northeastern Brazil}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {12(1)}, year = {2016}, month = {23 January 2016}, pages = {1-3}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

In this study, we present new records of
Faramea nitida that extend the range of this species in
Maranh\ão state, Brazil. The new data were the result
of fieldwork by us in restinga areas of S\ão Jos\é de
Ribamar and Alc\ântara districts. This report highlights
the rediscovery of a species after many years (30 to 70
years) and shows the necessity for more floristic and
taxonomic studies on extreme northeastern Brazil.

}, keywords = {coastal vegetation; species rediscovery; Rubiaceae; S{\~a}o Lu{\'\i}s}, issn = {ISSN 1809-127X}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.1.1831}, author = {Castro, A.R.R. and Almeida_Jr, E.B.} } @book {26, title = {Guia de Campo Macr{\'o}fitas do Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba}, year = {2014}, pages = {143}, publisher = {os autores, com patrocinio da EDUFPI}, organization = {os autores, com patrocinio da EDUFPI}, edition = {First}, address = {Parna{\'\i}ba, Piau{\'\i}, Brasil}, abstract = {

Este livro trata de 57\  esp\écies de macr\ófitas aqu\áticas que s\ão nativas \à regi\ão do Delta do Parna\íba, Brasil, nos estados de Piau\í e Maranh\ão. Para cada esp\écie h\á fotos coloridas ilustrando a morfologia e detalhes descritivos com nomes vulgares e distribui\ç\ão geogr\áfica.

O livro est\ã sendo vendido atrav\és do site do Clube dos Autores neste link:\  https://www.clubedeautores.com.br/book/196629--Guia_de_campo_macrofitas_do_Delta_do_Parnaiba$\#$.V0IMyb751AM

}, issn = {978-85-7463-764-8}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Silva, M. Francilene S. and Costa, M.Concei{\c c}{\~a}o A. and Mayo, Simon J.} } @article {24, title = {Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae)}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais}, volume = {17}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {1142-1149}, chapter = {1142}, abstract = {

RESUMO: O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doen\ças \é uma estrat\égia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as popula\ç\ões do mundo, e, embora novos antibi\óticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, \às vezes s\ão ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais t\êm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados \à antibi\óticos de uso cl\ínico, representando alternativa terap\êutica para doen\ças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, \é esp\écie macr\ófita, aqu\ática emergente de h\ábito herb\áceo, pertencente a fam\ília Araceae e ocorre em \áreas alag\áveis. A utilidade farmacol\ógica desta esp\écie \é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreum\ático, antidiur\ético e expectorante. Devido \à relev\ância no campo etnofarmacol\ógico, ampla utiliza\ç\ão na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados \à atividade antibacteriana desta esp\écie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alco\ólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igara\çu, Parna\íba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bact\érias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as t\écnicas de verifica\ç\ão da forma\ç\ão de halos de inibi\ç\ão e determina\ç\ão das concentra\ç\ões inibit\órias e bactericidas m\ínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metan\ólico seco (EMS), extrato metan\ólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etan\ólico seco (EES), apresentaram a\ç\ão antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etan\ólico fresco (EEF) n\ão apresentou atividade para as bact\érias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentra\ç\ão de 200 \μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 \μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 \μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 \μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 \μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 \μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacol\ógicas de plantas da fam\ília Araceae s\ão escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho s\ão pioneiros em rela\ç\ão a atividade antibacteriana desta esp\écie.

Palavras-chave: Araceae, bioatividade, extratos alco\ólicos, atividade antibacteriana.

ABSTRACT: Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae). For a long time, medicinal herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases by almost all populations in the world, and although new antibiotics have been developed for the control of infectious micro-organisms, they are sometimes ineffective. Many herbal extracts have antimicrobial effects and represent a potential alternative therapy for infectious diseases, especially when associated with the clinical use of antibiotics. The Montrichardia linifera, popularly known as Aninga, is a robust, herbaceous, emergent aquatic macrophyte belonging to the Araceae family, appearing along rivers and stream margins in the tropical America. The pharmacological application of this species are several ones, having been reported to own a healing, antirheumatic, anti-diuretic and expectorant effect. Due to the relevance in the ethnopharmacological field, the spread use in popular medicine and the few researches related to the antibacterial activity of this specie, the study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic leaf extracts of plants of Montrichardia linifera collected along the margins of Rio Igara\çu, Parna\íba, Piau\í, Brazil. The extract was tested in eight strains of ATCC bacterial standards: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The verification techniques used were the formation of inhibition halos, and the determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC). The antibacterial tests showed, as main results, that dried methanol extract (EMS), fresh methanol extract (EMF) and dry ethanol extract (EES) exhibited antibacterial activity, while the fresh ethanol extract (EEF) was inactive against the tested bacteria. The EMS was the most efficient one, inhibiting bacterial growth at a concentration of 200 \μg/mL for E. faecalis, 400 \μg/mL for S. aureus 400 \μg/mL for S. epidermidis and 2.000 \μg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The EMF obtained a MIC of 2.000 \μg/mL for E. faecalis and EES obtained a MIC of 250 \μg/mL for E. faecalis. The results showed that M. linifera is an efficient source of bioactive antibacterial compounds. Studies about the pharmacological properties of plants of the family Araceae are scarce, and the results of this work are pioneer in regard to the antibacterial activity of this species.

Keywords: Araceae, bioactivity, alcoholic extracts, antibacterial activity.

}, author = {Miranda, J.A.L. and Rocha, J.A. and Ara{\'u}jo, K.M. and Quelemes, P.V. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {23, title = {Ocorr{\^e}ncia de Crenea maritima (Lythraceae) para o Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba, Brasil}, journal = {Rodrigu{\'e}sia}, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {931-937}, chapter = {931}, abstract = {

Resumo
O g\ênero Crenea \é composto por duas esp\écies, Crenea maritima e C. patentinervis, restrito \às costas e estu\ários do norte da Am\érica do Sul da Col\ômbia ao Par\á, no Brasil. Estudos taxon\ômicos tratando exclusivamente de Crenea s\ão restritos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo divulgar a ocorr\ência de Crenea maritima para o Delta do Rio Parna\íba (Piau\í e Maranh\ão), assim como caracterizar sua morfologia, taxonomia e condi\ç\ões ecol\ógicas. As ilustra\ç\ões foram baseadas nos principais caracteres diagn\ósticos das amostras coletadas.

Palavras-chave: Crenea, macr\ófita aqu\ática, mangue, nova ocorr\ência.

Abstract
The genus Crenea consists of two species, Crenea maritima and C. patentinervis, restricted to the coasts and estuaries of northern South America from Colombia to Par\á in Brazil. Taxonomic studies dealing exclusively Crenea are few. This study reports a new record for Crenea maritima in the Delta of the Rio Parna\íba (Piau\í and Maranh\ão states, Brazil), as well as characterizing the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of this species. The illustrations was based on the main diagnostic characters of the species as observed in the collected samples.


Key words: Crenea, aquatic macrophytes, mangrove, new record.

}, author = {Silva, M. Francilene S. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {22, title = {Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the community of Sobradinho, Lu{\'\i}s Correia, Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2015}, month = {08/2015}, pages = {872-883}, chapter = {872}, abstract = {

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Sobradinho community, Lu\ís Correia, Piau\í, Brazil was undertaken to recover and document traditional knowledge with the aim of supporting chemical, biological, agronomic, pharmaceutical and socio-economic studies related to the region\&$\#$39;s biodiversity. Fifteen research visits to the community were made between March 2013 to January 2014 involving 31 respondents from the community, the majority (74.4\%) being women aged between 27 and 84 years. The methodology used was interview by the snowball method using questionnaires. Analysis of the data gathered was based on use value and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Botanical voucher specimens were made of the species cited by informants and deposited at the HDELTA herbarium. 57 species belonging to 33 families were identified, of which 56\% were native and 44\% exotic. The best represented families were Fabaceae (14\%), Lamiaceae and Myrtaceae (9\% each). The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts (69\%), followed by the stem (22\%), fruit (4\%), flower (2\%), root and seed (1\%). The species that showed the highest use value (VU) were Cymbopogon
citratus (DC.) Stapf (capim-santo) and Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) with VU = 0.26. The Shannon-Wiener index value was highest for the elderly group (n=15, 48\% of total respondents), but young people were not represented among the informants. A total of 67 different medicinal indications were recorded, the highest number of species being used to treat medical conditions associated with inflammation, pain and fever. Informants claimed to have learned the use of medicinal plants from older members of the community and there was little interest evident among young people in acquiring this knowledge. Community informants are the holders of medicinal plant knowledge of the local flora and its practical application.

}, author = {Silva, J.D.A. and Nascimento, M.G.P. and Grazina, L.G. and Castro, K.N.C. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {21, title = {Geometric morphometrics of leaves of Anacardium microcarpum Ducke and A. occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) from the coastal region of Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Botany }, volume = {37}, year = {2014}, month = {07/2014}, pages = {315-327}, chapter = {315}, abstract = {

Anacardium microcarpum (caju\í) differs from A. occidentale (cashew) by its smaller drupe and hypocarp and more restricted range in cerrados and coastal plateaux of Brazil\’s Par\á, Maranh\ão, Piau\í, Cear\á and Rio Grande do Norte states. Taxonomists treat A. microcarpum as conspecific with A. occidentale, but many agronomists treat it as distinct. This study used geometric morphometrics to investigate leaf shape differences between the two taxa in ten populations from coastal Piau\í state, Brazil with samples of 300\–380 leaves. Configurations of two landmarks and 14 semilandmarks were digitized along the leaf outline from standardized images and subjected to multivariate analysis after Procrustes alignment. Principal component analysis produced four significant principal component shape variables accounting for 79.5 \% total variance. These were visualized using thin-plate spline analysis. Discriminant analysis showed a significant difference between the taxon means (P = 0.003). Jackknife cross-validation correctly classified only 61.3 \% of A. occidentale individuals and 56.7 \% of A. microcarpum. Non-Parametric MANOVA of the ten populations showed significant population differences (P = 0.0001). The most isolated population (Cocal da Esta\ç\ão)\—the only one from the interior of the state\—differed most. A Mantel test found no significant correlation between morphological dissimilarity and geographical distance. Although leaf shape differences both between taxa and populations were statistically significant, overlap made leaf shape difference alone ineffective for separating A. microcarpum from A. occidentale.

}, author = {Vieira, Marcia and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {20, title = {The Araceae in Cear{\'a}, Brazil: humid forest plants in a semi-arid region}, journal = {Rodriguesia}, volume = {64}, year = {2013}, month = {24 Sep 2013}, pages = {1-33}, type = {research}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the Araceae of Cear\á, a state lying within Brazil\’s semi-arid region. The aroid flora shows greater similarity to those of central Brazil and Amazonia than to the Atlantic forest. Most species occur in humid forest fragments - the \“florestas serranas\”. Geophytes are also found in caatinga and dry forest (Taccarum ulei) and lithophytes on rock outcrops in dry forest (Philodendron acutatum). Floating aquatics occur in ponds and lakes throughout the state (Pistia stratiotes, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna minuta, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia columbiana, Wolffiella welwitschii), and freshwater helophytes (Montrichardia linifera) along river margins. 28 taxa (species and varieties) in 19 genera are described and most are illustrated: Anthurium (three spp.), Caladium (one sp.), Dieffenbachia (one sp.), Dracontium (one sp.), Lemna (two spp.), Monstera (two spp., one with two varieties), Montrichardia (one sp.), Philodendron (four spp.), Pistia (one sp.), Scaphispatha (one sp.), Spathicarpa (one sp.), Spathiphyllum (one sp.), Spirodela (one sp.), Syngonium (one sp.), Taccarum (one sp.), Wolffia (one sp.), Wolffiella (one sp.), Xanthosoma (two spp.), Zomicarpa (one sp.). New records for Cear\á are Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia, Dracontium nivosum, Monstera adansonii var. laniata, Philodendron sp. aff. ruthianum and the naturalized exotic Typhonium roxburghii. An identification key and data on geographic distribution and conservation status are provided.

}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and Silva, M. Francilene S. and Sousa, Danilo, J.L. and Matias, Ligia Q. and Ribeiro, Thales A.} } @article {8, title = {A Preliminary Study of Genetic Variation in Populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae) from North-East Brazil, Estimated with AFLP Molecular Markers}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, volume = {100}, year = {2007}, pages = {1154}, chapter = {1143}, abstract = {

\† Background and Aims This study sought genetic evidence of long-term isolation in populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae), a herbaceous, probably outbreeding, humid forest hemi-epiphyte, in the brejo forests of Ceara\´ (north-east Brazil), and clarification of their relationships with populations in Amazonia and the Atlantic forest of Brazil. \† Methods Within-population genetic diversity and between-population dissimilarity were estimated using AFLP molecular markers in 75 individuals from eight populations located in Ceara\´, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Amazonia. \† Key Results The populations showed a clinal pattern of weak genetic differentiation over a large geographical region (FST \¼ 0.1896). A strong correlation between genetic and geographical distance (Mantel test: r \¼ 0.6903, P \¼ 0.002) suggests a historical pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic structure analysis revealed at least two distinct gene pools in the data. The two isolated Ceara\´ populations are significantly different from each other ( pairwise FPT \¼ 0.137, P \¼ 0.003) and as diverse (Nei\’s gene diversity, average He \¼ 0.1832, 0.1706) as those in the Atlantic and Amazon forest regions. The population in southern Brazil is less diverse (Nei\’s gene diversity, average He \¼ 0.127) than the rest. The Ceara\´ populations are related to those of the Atlantic forest rather than those from Amazonia (AMOVA, among-groups variation \¼ 11.95 \%, P \¼ 0.037). \†Conclusions The gene pools detected within an overall pattern of clinal variation suggest distinct episodes of gene flow, possibly correlated with past humid forest expansions. The Ceara\´ populations show no evidence of erosion of genetic diversity, although this was expected because of their isolation. Their genetic differentiation and relatively high diversity reinforce the importance of conserving the endangered brejo forests..

}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and van den Berg, C. and Fay, M.F. and Chester, M. and Lexer, C. and Kirkup, D.} } @article {7, title = {Geometric morphometrics of leaf blade shape in Montrichardia linifera (Araceae) populations from the Rio Parna{\'\i}ba Delta, north-east Brazil}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {170}, year = {2012}, pages = {572}, chapter = {554}, abstract = {

Leaf characters of populations of the aquatic macrophyte Montrichardia linifera were studied using geometric morphometrics to compare variation with traditional circumscriptions of the two recognized species. Two hundred and ten individuals were sampled from seven populations in the delta region of the Rio Parna\íba, north-east Brazil. Six landmarks of the leaf blade were digitized from images and analysed with MorphoJ software. Procrustesaligned configurations were studied using principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis in the pooled data and individual populations. Sinus shape variation was studied using landmark configurations of the posterior lobe basiscopic lamina. Covariation of leaf blade shape, basiscopic lamina shape, secondary vein number and petiole ligule length was investigated with partial least squares analysis. Allometry of these variables with leaf blade centroid size was investigated using multivariate regression, linear modelling and analysis of covariance. Measured variables varied continuously over the ranges previously reported for the two species. The characters of the two species morphotypes covaried and were only partly influenced by allometric effects. Symmetric shape variables predominated, but a distinctive left- and right-handed asymmetry occurred in all populations. Genetic and ecological studies are needed to investigate the significant inter-population differences further. The study offers a methodology for a broader combined morphometric/molecular investigation

}, keywords = {allometry, Maranh{\~a}o, MorphoJ, multivariate analysis, Piau{\'\i}, taxonomy}, author = {Silva, M. Francilene S. and Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J.} }