@article {37, title = {In vitro effects of Pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology}, volume = {25}, year = {2016}, month = {06/2016}, pages = {248-253}, chapter = {248}, abstract = {

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) and pilocarpine
hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), respectively, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify these compounds. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. Five AE and EE concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg mL\–1, and six concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride, ranging from 0.7 to 24.0 mg mL\–1, were tested. The lethal concentration (LC50) of each extract for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. The concentration of pilocarpine hydrochloride obtained from the EE and the AE was 1.3 and 0.3\% (m/m), respectively. Pilocarpine hydrochloride presented the highest acaricidal activity on larvae (LC50 2.6 mg mL\–1) and engorged females (LC50 11.8 mg mL\–1) of R.(B.) microplus, followed by the EE which presented LC50 of 56.4 and 15.9 mg mL\–1, for larvae and engorged females, respectively. Such results indicate that pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity, and may be the primary compound responsible for this activity by P. microphyllus EE.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade dos extratos aquoso (AE) e etan\ólico (EE) e do cloridrato de pilocarpina,
que foram, respectivamente, extra\ídos e isolado de Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus. Cromatografia l\íquida de alta efici\ência foi realizada para quantifica\ç\ão dos compostos. Testes de pacote de
larvas e de imers\ão de adultos foram realizados com diferentes concentra\ç\ões. Cinco concentra\ç\ões do AE e EE variando
de 6,2 a 100,0 mg mL\–1 e seis concentra\ç\ões do cloridrato de pilocarpina variando de 0,7 a 24,0 mg mL\–1 foram testadas.
A concentra\ç\ão letal (CL50) de cada extrato para larvas e f\êmeas ingurgitadas foi estimada por meio da an\álise Probit.
A concentra\ç\ão de cloridrato de pilocarpina obtida do EE e AE foi de 1,3 e 0,3\% (m/m), respectivamente. O cloridrato
de pilocarpina apresentou a maior atividade carrapaticida sobre larvas (CL50 2,6 mg mL\–1) e f\êmeas ingurgitadas
(CL50 11,8 mg mL\–1) de R. (B.) microplus, seguido do EE que apresentou CL50 de 56,4 e 15,9 mg mL\–1, para larvas
e f\êmeas ingurgitadas, respectivamente. Tais resultados indicam que o cloridrato de pilocarpina apresenta atividade
carrapaticida e pode ser o principal respons\ável pela atividade acaricida do EE de P. microphyllus.

}, keywords = {Acaricida, Acaricide, carrapato, cloridrato de pilocarpina, control, controle, pilocarpine hydrochloride, Pilocarpus micropyllus, tick}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016032}, author = {Castro, K.N.C. and Lima, D.F. and Wolschick, D. and Andrade, I.M. and Santos, R.C. and Santos, F.J.S. and Veras, L.M.C. and Costa-J{\'u}nior, L.M.} } @article {36, title = {Ethnobotanical and ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants used in the municipality of Bom Princ{\'\i}pio do Piau{\'\i}, Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2016}, month = {17 June 2016}, pages = {318-330}, chapter = {318}, abstract = {

Knowledge of medicinal plants has accumulated over centuries and often represents the only
therapeutic resource of small municipalities in the interior of Brazil. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the population of the municipality of Bom
Princ\ípio do Piau\í, Piau\í state, for the treatment of diseases in humans and domestic animals.
Interviews were conducted with 38 residents using standardized questionnaire forms, with the
\"snowball\" technique. Fifty nine families, 98 genera and 112 species were recorded. Of these, 22.3\%
were indicated for the treatment of diseases in animals and 9.8\% were said to cause adverse effects.
The families with most species were Fabaceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (11) and Lamiaceae (6). The species
with greatest use value (UV) were Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem\ão (0.65), Dysphania ambrosioides
(L.) Mosyakin and Clemants (0.63) and Amburana cearensis (Allem\ão) A.C.Sm. (0.42). The leaves were
the parts most frequently used (26.8\%), followed by bark (21.0\%). Of the 15 used categories listed in this
study, those with the highest number of recorded species were related to illnesses associated with the
digestive tract (102), diseases of the genitourinary system (72) and diseases of the respiratory system
(60). This study revealed the importance of knowledge and use of medicinal plants in caring for the
health of people and domestic animals in the municipality. In addition, the study provided information
on plants of the local flora with pharmacological potential.

}, keywords = {Caatinga, herbal medicine, medicinal plant, popular knowledge}, issn = {ISSN 1996-0875}, doi = {10.5897/JMPR2015.6038}, author = {Castro, K.N.C. and Wolschick, D. and Leite, R.R.S. and Andrade, I.M. and Magalh{\~a}es, J.A. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {35, title = {Dracontium nivosum (Lem.) G.H.Zhu (Araceae): range extension from Amazonia to a brejo forest refugium in Northeast Brazil confirmed}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {12(3)}, year = {2016}, month = {22 June 2016}, pages = {1-7}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The 558 km range extension of the Amazonian aroid Dracontium nivosum (Lem.) G.H.Zhu into semiarid Northeast Brazil is confirmed. This species occurs in Cear\á in threatened fragments of brejo forest at ca. 580\–870 m elevation. An illustrated taxonomic description is provided. The species\’ Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated as 356,392 km2 (meets Least Concern); the Area of Occupancy (AOO), 60 km2 using a 2\×2 km cell (Endangered). Within Cear\á the EOO is 41.4 km2 (Critically Endangered) and the AOO is 16 km2 (Endangered).

}, keywords = {Cear{\'a}, Chapada da Ibiapaba, conservation status, range extension, semi-arid Neotropics, spatial analysis, threatened forest fragments}, issn = {ISSN 1809-127X}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.3.1908}, author = {Andrade, I.M. and Silva, M.F.S. and Ribeiro, T.A. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {34, title = {Species richness in restinga vegetation on the eastern Maranh{\~a}o State, Northeastern Brazil}, journal = {Acta Amazonica}, volume = {46}, year = {2016}, pages = {271-280}, chapter = {271}, abstract = {

The State of Maranh\ão comprises the second largest coastline in Brazil. Nonetheless, few floristic surveys on restinga
vegetation have been performed in Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to survey floristic in a restinga of Maranh\ão, and to assess its similarity to other restingas in the states of Par\á and Piau\í. Botanical specimens were sampled at S\ítio Aguahy, in the municipality of S\ão Jos\é de Ribamar, along the eastern coast of Maranh\ão between June/2012 and October/2013. Species identification and life forms classification followed the usual methods employed in floristic studies. Similarities in plant composition of six sites were estimated based on cluster analysis through Bray-Curtis distance. In the studied area, we found 116 phanerogamic species, 100 genera and 52 families; 19 species were new occurrences for the restinga of Maranh\ão. Families with largest number of species were Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae, and Eriocaulaceae, which comprised 49.2\% of all sampled species. We identified 41 nanophanerophytes, 34 terophytes, 15 camephytes, ten microphanerophytes, six hemicryptophytes, and five lianas. Similarity analyses indicated greater affinity between the restinga flora from the states of Maranh\ão and Par\á than that observed for the states of Maranh\ão and Piau\í, suggesting that the process of species colonization in the former is more likely derived from the Amazon Forest. It is expected that these results may encourage future researchers to conduct further surveys in restinga areas of the Maranh\ão aiming to better understand the influence of neighboring vegetation on the colonization of the coastal areas of Maranh\ão.

O Estado do Maranh\ão possui o segundo maior litoral da costa brasileira. No entanto, poucos levantamentos flor\ísticos foram realizados nas \áreas de restinga no Nordeste do Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento flor\ístico em uma \área de restinga no Maranh\ão e analisar a similaridade com a flora das restingas dos Estados do Par\á e do Piau\í. As coletas bot\ânicas foram realizadas na restinga do S\ítio Aguahy, munic\ípio de S\ão Jos\é de Ribamar, na por\ç\ão oriental da Ilha do Maranh\ão, no per\íodo de junho de 2012 a outubro de 2013. A identifica\ç\ão das esp\écies e a classifica\ç\ão das formas de vida seguiu a metodologia usual em estudos flor\ísticos. A similaridade foi realizada atrav\és de an\álise de cluster a partir da dist\ância de Bray-Curtis, onde foram considerados seis estudos. Foram listadas 116 esp\écies fanerog\âmicas, 100 g\êneros e 52 fam\ílias. Deste total, 19 esp\écies s\ão apresentadas como novas ocorr\ências para o litoral do Maranh\ão. As fam\ílias com maior n\úmero de esp\écies foram Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae e Eriocaulaceae, correspondendo a 49.2\% das esp\écies encontradas. Quanto \às formas de vida, foram identificados 41 nanofaner\ófitos, 34 ter\ófitos, 15 cam\éfitos, 10 microfaner\ófitos, seis hemicript\ófitos e cinco lianas. A an\álise de similaridade mostrou maior afinidade entre a flora da restinga do Maranh\ão e do Par\á, do que com a flora do Piau\í, sugerindo uma poss\ível coloniza\ç\ão da restinga estudada por esp\écies provenientes da floresta Amaz\ônica. Espera-se que esses dados sejam vistos como um passo inicial para a realiza\ç\ão de mais pesquisas nas demais restingas maranhenses para que, futuramente, proporcione a compreens\ão da influ\ência da vegeta\ç\ão circunvizinha na coloniza\ç\ão das \áreas litor\âneas do Maranh\ão.

}, keywords = {Brazilian northeast, Coastal sand plains, ecotone, ec{\'o}tono, floristic similarity, Nordeste do Brasil, Plan{\'\i}cie arenosa costeira, similaridade flor{\'\i}stica}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201504704}, author = {Serra, F.C.V. and Lima, P.B. and Almeida_Jr, E.B.} } @article {33, title = {A flora de Cajueiro da Praia: uma {\'a}rea de tabuleiros do litoral do Piau{\'\i}, Brasil}, journal = {Revista Equador (UFPI)}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, pages = {21-35}, chapter = {21}, abstract = {

O litoral do Piau\í apresenta duas forma\ç\ões geol\ógicas distintas: \áreas assentadas sobre areias
quartzosas do Quatern\ário e a Forma\ç\ão Barreiras do Terci\ário. Este estudo apresenta a composi\ç\ão
flor\ística de tabuleiro litor\âneo situado no munic\ípio de Cajueiro da Praia (PI), al\ém de dados relacionados
aos fatores abi\óticos para regi\ão. Foram comparados os dados sobre a vegeta\ç\ão da regi\ão com \áreas de
restingas subjacentes. O estudo apresenta uma da lista de 73 esp\écies, pertencentes a 33 fam\ílias bot\ânicas,
classificadas de acordo com o Sistema APG III.

}, keywords = {Forma{\c c}{\~a}o Barreiras, Litoral do Nordeste do Brasil, Vegeta{\c c}{\~a}o litor{\^a}nea}, author = {Santos-Filho, F.S. and Mesquita, T.K.S. and Almeida_Jr, E.B. and Zickel, C.S.} } @article {27, title = {Expansion of the geographic distribution of Faramea nitida Benth. in the restinga of Maranh{\~a}o state, northeastern Brazil}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {12(1)}, year = {2016}, month = {23 January 2016}, pages = {1-3}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

In this study, we present new records of
Faramea nitida that extend the range of this species in
Maranh\ão state, Brazil. The new data were the result
of fieldwork by us in restinga areas of S\ão Jos\é de
Ribamar and Alc\ântara districts. This report highlights
the rediscovery of a species after many years (30 to 70
years) and shows the necessity for more floristic and
taxonomic studies on extreme northeastern Brazil.

}, keywords = {coastal vegetation; species rediscovery; Rubiaceae; S{\~a}o Lu{\'\i}s}, issn = {ISSN 1809-127X}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.1.1831}, author = {Castro, A.R.R. and Almeida_Jr, E.B.} }