02321nas a2200241 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260000900143300000900152520168400161653002701845653000901872653001101881653001201892653002701904653001301931100001801944700002501962700001601987700001702003700001502020856004402035 2019 eng d00aMorphometrics of wild cashew in coastal Piauí0 aMorphometrics of wild cashew in coastal Piauí c2019 a1-283 a

The infraspecific taxonomy of wild Anacardium occidentale is little studied. We investigated
whether wild populations on coastal dunes in Piauı, Brazil differed from non-wild populations.
Ten populations were sampled and twenty one morphological variables were measured.
Variation within and between populations was investigated with univariate and
multivariate statistics. Dune populations were mostly more similar to one another than to
domesticated ones. There was significant correlation between inter-population geographical
distance and morphological dissimilarity. Classification methods showed 96.4% successful
assignment to the dune category and 86% to 100% to dune populations
individually, but dune and non-dune populations overlap morphologically. Dune populations
had shorter, broader leaves, shorter drupes and fewer secondary veins. Non-dune coastal
populations showed strongest similarity to dune populations. Populations distant from the
coast were most divergent. The population from the cerrado region was most distinct, with
thicker leaf blades and narrower petioles. The dune populations are recognised as the
“restinga ecotype” of A. occidentale. Correlation of dissimilarity and distance may result
from gene flow and/or non-inherited environmental effects. Ecology and nomenclature (including
the vernacular “cajuı”) of the restinga ecotype are reviewed. Further comparison of
restinga populations is needed along the Brazilian coastline and with natural cerrado populations.

 

10aAnacardium microcarpum10acaju10acajuí10acerrado10ainfraspecific taxonomy10arestinga1 aAndrade, I.M.1 aNascimento, J.D'A.O.1 aSousa, M.V.1 aSantos, J.O.1 aMayo, S.J. uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/5700329nas a2200133 4500008004100000245002200041210002200063260000700085300000700092490000800099100002500107700001900132856004400151 2017 eng d00aAraceae do PIAUÍ0 aAraceae do PIAUÍ cvv avv0 vvvv1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M1 aMayo, Simon, J uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/4203810nas a2200325 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260001200236300001200248490000700260520286200267653001403129653001403143653001403157653003003171653001203201653001303213653003003226653002703256653000903283100001903292700001503311700001803326700001803344700001703362700001903379700001803398700002403416856004403440 2016 eng d00aIn vitro effects of Pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus0 aIn vitro effects of Pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocar c06/2016 a248-2530 v253 a

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) and pilocarpine
hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), respectively, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify these compounds. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. Five AE and EE concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg mL–1, and six concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride, ranging from 0.7 to 24.0 mg mL–1, were tested. The lethal concentration (LC50) of each extract for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. The concentration of pilocarpine hydrochloride obtained from the EE and the AE was 1.3 and 0.3% (m/m), respectively. Pilocarpine hydrochloride presented the highest acaricidal activity on larvae (LC50 2.6 mg mL–1) and engorged females (LC50 11.8 mg mL–1) of R.(B.) microplus, followed by the EE which presented LC50 of 56.4 and 15.9 mg mL–1, for larvae and engorged females, respectively. Such results indicate that pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity, and may be the primary compound responsible for this activity by P. microphyllus EE.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade dos extratos aquoso (AE) e etanólico (EE) e do cloridrato de pilocarpina,
que foram, respectivamente, extraídos e isolado de Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus. Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foi realizada para quantificação dos compostos. Testes de pacote de
larvas e de imersão de adultos foram realizados com diferentes concentrações. Cinco concentrações do AE e EE variando
de 6,2 a 100,0 mg mL–1 e seis concentrações do cloridrato de pilocarpina variando de 0,7 a 24,0 mg mL–1 foram testadas.
A concentração letal (CL50) de cada extrato para larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas foi estimada por meio da análise Probit.
A concentração de cloridrato de pilocarpina obtida do EE e AE foi de 1,3 e 0,3% (m/m), respectivamente. O cloridrato
de pilocarpina apresentou a maior atividade carrapaticida sobre larvas (CL50 2,6 mg mL–1) e fêmeas ingurgitadas
(CL50 11,8 mg mL–1) de R. (B.) microplus, seguido do EE que apresentou CL50 de 56,4 e 15,9 mg mL–1, para larvas
e fêmeas ingurgitadas, respectivamente. Tais resultados indicam que o cloridrato de pilocarpina apresenta atividade
carrapaticida e pode ser o principal responsável pela atividade acaricida do EE de P. microphyllus.

10aAcaricida10aAcaricide10acarrapato10acloridrato de pilocarpina10acontrol10acontrole10apilocarpine hydrochloride10aPilocarpus micropyllus10atick1 aCastro, K.N.C.1 aLima, D.F.1 aWolschick, D.1 aAndrade, I.M.1 aSantos, R.C.1 aSantos, F.J.S.1 aVeras, L.M.C.1 aCosta-Júnior, L.M. uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/3701411nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001900041245013600060210006900196260001700265300000800282490001000290520057500300653001100875653002400886653002400910653002000934653002500954653002100979653003201000100001801032700001801050700001801068700001501086856004401101 2016 eng d aISSN 1809-127X00aDracontium nivosum (Lem.) G.H.Zhu (Araceae): range extension from Amazonia to a brejo forest refugium in Northeast Brazil confirmed0 aDracontium nivosum Lem GHZhu Araceae range extension from Amazon c22 June 2016 a1-70 v12(3)3 a

The 558 km range extension of the Amazonian aroid Dracontium nivosum (Lem.) G.H.Zhu into semiarid Northeast Brazil is confirmed. This species occurs in Ceará in threatened fragments of brejo forest at ca. 580–870 m elevation. An illustrated taxonomic description is provided. The species’ Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated as 356,392 km2 (meets Least Concern); the Area of Occupancy (AOO), 60 km2 using a 2×2 km cell (Endangered). Within Ceará the EOO is 41.4 km2 (Critically Endangered) and the AOO is 16 km2 (Endangered).

10aCeará10aChapada da Ibiapaba10aconservation status10arange extension10asemi-arid Neotropics10aspatial analysis10athreatened forest fragments1 aAndrade, I.M.1 aSilva, M.F.S.1 aRibeiro, T.A.1 aMayo, S.J. uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/3501903nas a2200217 4500008004100000245015000041210007000191300001200261490000700273520121200280653001401492653001201506653001101518653002001529653001301549653001901562100002201581700001801603700002001621856004401641 2008 eng d00aCargas polínicas de abelhas polinizadoras de Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelidade e fontes alternativas de recursos florais0 aCargas polínicas de abelhas polinizadoras de Byrsonima chrysophy a165-1710 v223 a

(Pollen loads of pollinator bees of Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelity and alternative sources of
flower resources). Byrsonima chrysophylla, known as “murici pitanga”, is a shrubby species occurring in ‘restinga’. Among its visitors, bees of the Centridini tribe as well as Xylocopini bees are frequently found. To detect which plant species have been used by the most frequent visitors, pollen loads from the back legs (n = 5) and also from natural nests of Centris caxiensis (n = 7) were treated by acetolysis. During flowering of Byrsonima chrysophylla, this plant species was the main pollen source used by bees. Comolia lythrarioides and Myrcia sylvatica were secondary pollen sources, Mouriri guianensis was a secondary oil and pollen source, while Anacardium microcarpum, Cuphea tenella, Matayba discolor and Phthirusa pyrifolia were important nectar sources at this time. The pollen detected in the samples probably adhered to the bee’s body during nectar collection. The results show that the bee visitors do not mix pollen sources during the pollen-collecting flight, thus representing fidelity to Byrsonima chrysophylla flowers.

10aByrsonima10aCentris10apollen10apollen fidelity10aXylocopa10a‘restinga’1 aRibeiro, E.K.M.D.1 aRêgo, M.M.C.1 aMachado, I.C.S. uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/2801128nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001900041245012600060210006900186260002000255300000800275490001000283520051400293653006700807100001900874700002100893856004400914 2016 eng d aISSN 1809-127X00aExpansion of the geographic distribution of Faramea nitida Benth. in the restinga of Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil0 aExpansion of the geographic distribution of Faramea nitida Benth c23 January 2016 a1-30 v12(1)3 a

In this study, we present new records of
Faramea nitida that extend the range of this species in
Maranhão state, Brazil. The new data were the result
of fieldwork by us in restinga areas of São José de
Ribamar and Alcântara districts. This report highlights
the rediscovery of a species after many years (30 to 70
years) and shows the necessity for more floristic and
taxonomic studies on extreme northeastern Brazil.

10acoastal vegetation; species rediscovery; Rubiaceae; São Luís1 aCastro, A.R.R.1 aAlmeida_Jr, E.B. uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/2706181nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000900213300001400222490000700236520558300243100002005826700001605846700001805862700001905880700001905899700002505918856004405943 2015 eng d00aAtividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae)0 aAtividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia  c2015 a1142-11490 v173 a

RESUMO: O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças é uma estratégia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as populações do mundo, e, embora novos antibióticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, às vezes são ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais têm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados à antibióticos de uso clínico, representando alternativa terapêutica para doenças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, é espécie macrófita, aquática emergente de hábito herbáceo, pertencente a família Araceae e ocorre em áreas alagáveis. A utilidade farmacológica desta espécie é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreumático, antidiurético e expectorante. Devido à relevância no campo etnofarmacológico, ampla utilização na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados à atividade antibacteriana desta espécie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alcoólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de verificação da formação de halos de inibição e determinação das concentrações inibitórias e bactericidas mínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metanólico seco (EMS), extrato metanólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etanólico seco (EES), apresentaram ação antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etanólico fresco (EEF) não apresentou atividade para as bactérias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentração de 200 μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacológicas de plantas da família Araceae são escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho são pioneiros em relação a atividade antibacteriana desta espécie.

Palavras-chave: Araceae, bioatividade, extratos alcoólicos, atividade antibacteriana.

ABSTRACT: Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae). For a long time, medicinal herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases by almost all populations in the world, and although new antibiotics have been developed for the control of infectious micro-organisms, they are sometimes ineffective. Many herbal extracts have antimicrobial effects and represent a potential alternative therapy for infectious diseases, especially when associated with the clinical use of antibiotics. The Montrichardia linifera, popularly known as Aninga, is a robust, herbaceous, emergent aquatic macrophyte belonging to the Araceae family, appearing along rivers and stream margins in the tropical America. The pharmacological application of this species are several ones, having been reported to own a healing, antirheumatic, anti-diuretic and expectorant effect. Due to the relevance in the ethnopharmacological field, the spread use in popular medicine and the few researches related to the antibacterial activity of this specie, the study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic leaf extracts of plants of Montrichardia linifera collected along the margins of Rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. The extract was tested in eight strains of ATCC bacterial standards: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The verification techniques used were the formation of inhibition halos, and the determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC). The antibacterial tests showed, as main results, that dried methanol extract (EMS), fresh methanol extract (EMF) and dry ethanol extract (EES) exhibited antibacterial activity, while the fresh ethanol extract (EEF) was inactive against the tested bacteria. The EMS was the most efficient one, inhibiting bacterial growth at a concentration of 200 μg/mL for E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL for S. aureus 400 μg/mL for S. epidermidis and 2.000 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The EMF obtained a MIC of 2.000 μg/mL for E. faecalis and EES obtained a MIC of 250 μg/mL for E. faecalis. The results showed that M. linifera is an efficient source of bioactive antibacterial compounds. Studies about the pharmacological properties of plants of the family Araceae are scarce, and the results of this work are pioneer in regard to the antibacterial activity of this species.

Keywords: Araceae, bioactivity, alcoholic extracts, antibacterial activity.

 

1 aMiranda, J.A.L.1 aRocha, J.A.1 aAraújo, K.M.1 aQuelemes, P.V.1 aMayo, Simon, J1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/2401967nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008200041210007100123260000900194300001200203490000700215520147200222100002701694700001901721700002501740856004401765 2015 eng d00aOcorrência de Crenea maritima (Lythraceae) para o Delta do Parnaíba, Brasil0 aOcorrência de Crenea maritima Lythraceae para o Delta do Parnaíb c2015 a931-9370 v663 a

Resumo
O gênero Crenea é composto por duas espécies, Crenea maritima e C. patentinervis, restrito às costas e estuários do norte da América do Sul da Colômbia ao Pará, no Brasil. Estudos taxonômicos tratando exclusivamente de Crenea são restritos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo divulgar a ocorrência de Crenea maritima para o Delta do Rio Parnaíba (Piauí e Maranhão), assim como caracterizar sua morfologia, taxonomia e condições ecológicas. As ilustrações foram baseadas nos principais caracteres diagnósticos das amostras coletadas.

Palavras-chave: Crenea, macrófita aquática, mangue, nova ocorrência.

Abstract
The genus Crenea consists of two species, Crenea maritima and C. patentinervis, restricted to the coasts and estuaries of northern South America from Colombia to Pará in Brazil. Taxonomic studies dealing exclusively Crenea are few. This study reports a new record for Crenea maritima in the Delta of the Rio Parnaíba (Piauí and Maranhão states, Brazil), as well as characterizing the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of this species. The illustrations was based on the main diagnostic characters of the species as observed in the collected samples.


Key words: Crenea, aquatic macrophytes, mangrove, new record.

1 aSilva, Francilene, M S1 aMayo, Simon, J1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/2302277nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015000041210006900191260001200260300001200272490000700284520172100291100001902012700001902031700002502050856004402075 2014 eng d00aGeometric morphometrics of leaves of Anacardium microcarpum Ducke and A. occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) from the coastal region of Piauí, Brazil0 aGeometric morphometrics of leaves of Anacardium microcarpum Duck c07/2014 a315-3270 v373 a

Anacardium microcarpum (cajuí) differs from A. occidentale (cashew) by its smaller drupe and hypocarp and more restricted range in cerrados and coastal plateaux of Brazil’s Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte states. Taxonomists treat A. microcarpum as conspecific with A. occidentale, but many agronomists treat it as distinct. This study used geometric morphometrics to investigate leaf shape differences between the two taxa in ten populations from coastal Piauí state, Brazil with samples of 300–380 leaves. Configurations of two landmarks and 14 semilandmarks were digitized along the leaf outline from standardized images and subjected to multivariate analysis after Procrustes alignment. Principal component analysis produced four significant principal component shape variables accounting for 79.5 % total variance. These were visualized using thin-plate spline analysis. Discriminant analysis showed a significant difference between the taxon means (P = 0.003). Jackknife cross-validation correctly classified only 61.3 % of A. occidentale individuals and 56.7 % of A. microcarpum. Non-Parametric MANOVA of the ten populations showed significant population differences (P = 0.0001). The most isolated population (Cocal da Estação)—the only one from the interior of the state—differed most. A Mantel test found no significant correlation between morphological dissimilarity and geographical distance. Although leaf shape differences both between taxa and populations were statistically significant, overlap made leaf shape difference alone ineffective for separating A. microcarpum from A. occidentale.

1 aVieira, Marcia1 aMayo, Simon, J1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/2102139nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007700041210007000118260001600188300000900204490000700213520155900220100002501779700001901804700002701823700000501850700002201855700002401877856004401901 2013 eng d00aThe Araceae in Ceará, Brazil: humid forest plants in a semi-arid region0 aAraceae in Ceará Brazil humid forest plants in a semiarid region c24 Sep 2013 a1-330 v643 a

The study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the Araceae of Ceará, a state lying within Brazil’s semi-arid region. The aroid flora shows greater similarity to those of central Brazil and Amazonia than to the Atlantic forest. Most species occur in humid forest fragments - the “florestas serranas”. Geophytes are also found in caatinga and dry forest (Taccarum ulei) and lithophytes on rock outcrops in dry forest (Philodendron acutatum). Floating aquatics occur in ponds and lakes throughout the state (Pistia stratiotes, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna minuta, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia columbiana, Wolffiella welwitschii), and freshwater helophytes (Montrichardia linifera) along river margins. 28 taxa (species and varieties) in 19 genera are described and most are illustrated: Anthurium (three spp.), Caladium (one sp.), Dieffenbachia (one sp.), Dracontium (one sp.), Lemna (two spp.), Monstera (two spp., one with two varieties), Montrichardia (one sp.), Philodendron (four spp.), Pistia (one sp.), Scaphispatha (one sp.), Spathicarpa (one sp.), Spathiphyllum (one sp.), Spirodela (one sp.), Syngonium (one sp.), Taccarum (one sp.), Wolffia (one sp.), Wolffiella (one sp.), Xanthosoma (two spp.), Zomicarpa (one sp.). New records for Ceará are Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia, Dracontium nivosum, Monstera adansonii var. laniata, Philodendron sp. aff. ruthianum and the naturalized exotic Typhonium roxburghii. An identification key and data on geographic distribution and conservation status are provided.

1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M1 aMayo, Simon, J1 aSilva, Francilene, M S1 a1 aMatias, Ligia, Q.1 aRibeiro, Thales, A. uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/2002193nas a2200253 4500008004100000245016700041210006900208300000800277490000800285520140300293653001301696653002001709653001801729653001801747653001901765100002501784700001901809700001201828700001301840700001501853700001301868700001401881856004401895 2009 eng d00aGenetic variation in natural populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum (Araceae) from north-east Brazil using AFLP molecular markers0 aGenetic variation in natural populations of Anthurium sinuatum a a1550 v1593 a

Genetic variation was investigated using AFLP markers in 12 populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum (Araceae) in north-east Brazil, Amazonia and the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Two unique genetic patterns characterized the populations of A. sinuatum as a group, but no correlation between genetic and geographical interpopulation distance was found; the Amazonian population was not separated from that in Ceará. The isolated Ceará brejo populations of A. sinuatum were genetically distinct, but genetic diversity levels were similar to populations elsewhere, with no evidence of genetic erosion. Anthurium pentaphyllum populations were significantly different from each other; Bayesian genetic structural analysis found no common genetic pattern, but revealed genetic clusters unique to subgroups and individual populations in the Atlantic forest and French Guiana. Anthurium pentaphyllum and A. sinuatum can be distinguished genetically, but individuals of both species formed intermediate genetic clusters that blurred their distinction. We suggest that genetic mixing of A. sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum has occurred in north-east Brazil, possibly connected with cycles of humid forest expansion. The weak genetic structure in A. sinuatum is consistent with the natural fragmentation of continuous forest areas, possibly during the Holocene.

10aAmazonia10aAtlantic forest10abrejo forests10aFrench Guiana10aspecies limits1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M1 aMayo, Simon, J1 aBerg, C1 aFay, M F1 aChester, M1 aLexer, C1 aKirkup, D uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/1002695nas a2200193 4500008004100000245017200041210006900213300000900282490000800291520204800299100002502347700001902372700001202391700001302403700001502416700001302431700001402444856004302458 2007 eng d00aA Preliminary Study of Genetic Variation in Populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae) from North-East Brazil, Estimated with AFLP Molecular Markers0 aPreliminary Study of Genetic Variation in Populations of Monster a11540 v1003 a

† Background and Aims This study sought genetic evidence of long-term isolation in populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae), a herbaceous, probably outbreeding, humid forest hemi-epiphyte, in the brejo forests of Ceara´ (north-east Brazil), and clarification of their relationships with populations in Amazonia and the Atlantic forest of Brazil. † Methods Within-population genetic diversity and between-population dissimilarity were estimated using AFLP molecular markers in 75 individuals from eight populations located in Ceara´, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Amazonia. † Key Results The populations showed a clinal pattern of weak genetic differentiation over a large geographical region (FST ¼ 0.1896). A strong correlation between genetic and geographical distance (Mantel test: r ¼ 0.6903, P ¼ 0.002) suggests a historical pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic structure analysis revealed at least two distinct gene pools in the data. The two isolated Ceara´ populations are significantly different from each other ( pairwise FPT ¼ 0.137, P ¼ 0.003) and as diverse (Nei’s gene diversity, average He ¼ 0.1832, 0.1706) as those in the Atlantic and Amazon forest regions. The population in southern Brazil is less diverse (Nei’s gene diversity, average He ¼ 0.127) than the rest. The Ceara´ populations are related to those of the Atlantic forest rather than those from Amazonia (AMOVA, among-groups variation ¼ 11.95 %, P ¼ 0.037). †Conclusions The gene pools detected within an overall pattern of clinal variation suggest distinct episodes of gene flow, possibly correlated with past humid forest expansions. The Ceara´ populations show no evidence of erosion of genetic diversity, although this was expected because of their isolation. Their genetic differentiation and relatively high diversity reinforce the importance of conserving the endangered brejo forests..

1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M1 aMayo, Simon, J1 aBerg, C1 aFay, M F1 aChester, M1 aLexer, C1 aKirkup, D uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/802249nas a2200217 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300000800254490000800262520155700270653001401827653001401841653001201855653002601867653001101893653001301904100002701917700002501944700001901969856004301988 2012 eng d00aGeometric morphometrics of leaf blade shape in Montrichardia linifera (Araceae) populations from the Rio Parnaíba Delta, north-east Brazil0 aGeometric morphometrics of leaf blade shape in Montrichardia lin a5720 v1703 a

Leaf characters of populations of the aquatic macrophyte Montrichardia linifera were studied using geometric morphometrics to compare variation with traditional circumscriptions of the two recognized species. Two hundred and ten individuals were sampled from seven populations in the delta region of the Rio Parnaíba, north-east Brazil. Six landmarks of the leaf blade were digitized from images and analysed with MorphoJ software. Procrustesaligned configurations were studied using principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis in the pooled data and individual populations. Sinus shape variation was studied using landmark configurations of the posterior lobe basiscopic lamina. Covariation of leaf blade shape, basiscopic lamina shape, secondary vein number and petiole ligule length was investigated with partial least squares analysis. Allometry of these variables with leaf blade centroid size was investigated using multivariate regression, linear modelling and analysis of covariance. Measured variables varied continuously over the ranges previously reported for the two species. The characters of the two species morphotypes covaried and were only partly influenced by allometric effects. Symmetric shape variables predominated, but a distinctive left- and right-handed asymmetry occurred in all populations. Genetic and ecological studies are needed to investigate the significant inter-population differences further. The study offers a methodology for a broader combined morphometric/molecular investigation

10aallometry10aMaranhão10aMorphoJ10amultivariate analysis10aPiauí10ataxonomy1 aSilva, Francilene, M S1 aAndrade, Ivanilza, M1 aMayo, Simon, J uhttps://bionoset.myspecies.info/node/7