TY - RPRT T1 - III ENCONTRO REGIONAL DA CAATINGA Y1 - 2021 A1 - Anon ER - TY - Generic T1 - List of Anacardium morphometric and molecular studies Y1 - 2019 A1 - Mayo, Simon J. ER - TY - ART T1 - Andrade et al. 2019 Supplementary Table 1 Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morphometrics of wild cashew in coastal Piauí JF - Feddes Repertorium Y1 - 2019 DO - DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201800024 A1 - Andrade, I.M. A1 - Nascimento, J.D'A.O. A1 - Sousa, M.V. A1 - Santos, J.O. A1 - Mayo, S.J. SP - 1 EP - 28 KW - Anacardium microcarpum KW - caju KW - cajuí KW - cerrado KW - infraspecific taxonomy KW - restinga AB -
The infraspecific taxonomy of wild Anacardium occidentale is little studied. We investigated
whether wild populations on coastal dunes in Piauı, Brazil differed from non-wild populations.
Ten populations were sampled and twenty one morphological variables were measured.
Variation within and between populations was investigated with univariate and
multivariate statistics. Dune populations were mostly more similar to one another than to
domesticated ones. There was significant correlation between inter-population geographical
distance and morphological dissimilarity. Classification methods showed 96.4% successful
assignment to the dune category and 86% to 100% to dune populations
individually, but dune and non-dune populations overlap morphologically. Dune populations
had shorter, broader leaves, shorter drupes and fewer secondary veins. Non-dune coastal
populations showed strongest similarity to dune populations. Populations distant from the
coast were most divergent. The population from the cerrado region was most distinct, with
thicker leaf blades and narrower petioles. The dune populations are recognised as the
“restinga ecotype” of A. occidentale. Correlation of dissimilarity and distance may result
from gene flow and/or non-inherited environmental effects. Ecology and nomenclature (including
the vernacular “cajuı”) of the restinga ecotype are reviewed. Further comparison of
restinga populations is needed along the Brazilian coastline and with natural cerrado populations.
ER - TY - ABST T1 - II Encontro Regional da Caatinga Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Araceae do PIAUÍ JF - Iheringia Y1 - 2017 A1 - Andrade, Ivanilza M. ED - Mayo, Simon J. SP - vv VL - vvv IS - vvvv ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro effects of Pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus JF - Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology Y1 - 2016 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016032 A1 - Castro, K.N.C. A1 - Lima, D.F. A1 - Wolschick, D. A1 - Andrade, I.M. A1 - Santos, R.C. A1 - Santos, F.J.S. A1 - Veras, L.M.C. A1 - Costa-Júnior, L.M. SP - 248 EP - 253 KW - Acaricida KW - Acaricide KW - carrapato KW - cloridrato de pilocarpina KW - control KW - controle KW - pilocarpine hydrochloride KW - Pilocarpus micropyllus KW - tick AB -
The aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) and pilocarpine
hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), respectively, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify these compounds. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. Five AE and EE concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg mL–1, and six concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride, ranging from 0.7 to 24.0 mg mL–1, were tested. The lethal concentration (LC50) of each extract for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. The concentration of pilocarpine hydrochloride obtained from the EE and the AE was 1.3 and 0.3% (m/m), respectively. Pilocarpine hydrochloride presented the highest acaricidal activity on larvae (LC50 2.6 mg mL–1) and engorged females (LC50 11.8 mg mL–1) of R.(B.) microplus, followed by the EE which presented LC50 of 56.4 and 15.9 mg mL–1, for larvae and engorged females, respectively. Such results indicate that pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity, and may be the primary compound responsible for this activity by P. microphyllus EE.
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade dos extratos aquoso (AE) e etanólico (EE) e do cloridrato de pilocarpina,
que foram, respectivamente, extraídos e isolado de Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus. Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foi realizada para quantificação dos compostos. Testes de pacote de
larvas e de imersão de adultos foram realizados com diferentes concentrações. Cinco concentrações do AE e EE variando
de 6,2 a 100,0 mg mL–1 e seis concentrações do cloridrato de pilocarpina variando de 0,7 a 24,0 mg mL–1 foram testadas.
A concentração letal (CL50) de cada extrato para larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas foi estimada por meio da análise Probit.
A concentração de cloridrato de pilocarpina obtida do EE e AE foi de 1,3 e 0,3% (m/m), respectivamente. O cloridrato
de pilocarpina apresentou a maior atividade carrapaticida sobre larvas (CL50 2,6 mg mL–1) e fêmeas ingurgitadas
(CL50 11,8 mg mL–1) de R. (B.) microplus, seguido do EE que apresentou CL50 de 56,4 e 15,9 mg mL–1, para larvas
e fêmeas ingurgitadas, respectivamente. Tais resultados indicam que o cloridrato de pilocarpina apresenta atividade
carrapaticida e pode ser o principal responsável pela atividade acaricida do EE de P. microphyllus.
Knowledge of medicinal plants has accumulated over centuries and often represents the only
therapeutic resource of small municipalities in the interior of Brazil. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the population of the municipality of Bom
Princípio do Piauí, Piauí state, for the treatment of diseases in humans and domestic animals.
Interviews were conducted with 38 residents using standardized questionnaire forms, with the
"snowball" technique. Fifty nine families, 98 genera and 112 species were recorded. Of these, 22.3%
were indicated for the treatment of diseases in animals and 9.8% were said to cause adverse effects.
The families with most species were Fabaceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (11) and Lamiaceae (6). The species
with greatest use value (UV) were Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (0.65), Dysphania ambrosioides
(L.) Mosyakin and Clemants (0.63) and Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. (0.42). The leaves were
the parts most frequently used (26.8%), followed by bark (21.0%). Of the 15 used categories listed in this
study, those with the highest number of recorded species were related to illnesses associated with the
digestive tract (102), diseases of the genitourinary system (72) and diseases of the respiratory system
(60). This study revealed the importance of knowledge and use of medicinal plants in caring for the
health of people and domestic animals in the municipality. In addition, the study provided information
on plants of the local flora with pharmacological potential.
The 558 km range extension of the Amazonian aroid Dracontium nivosum (Lem.) G.H.Zhu into semiarid Northeast Brazil is confirmed. This species occurs in Ceará in threatened fragments of brejo forest at ca. 580–870 m elevation. An illustrated taxonomic description is provided. The species’ Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated as 356,392 km2 (meets Least Concern); the Area of Occupancy (AOO), 60 km2 using a 2×2 km cell (Endangered). Within Ceará the EOO is 41.4 km2 (Critically Endangered) and the AOO is 16 km2 (Endangered).
VL - 12(3) IS - 1908 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species richness in restinga vegetation on the eastern Maranhão State, Northeastern Brazil JF - Acta Amazonica Y1 - 2016 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201504704 A1 - Serra, F.C.V. A1 - Lima, P.B. A1 - Almeida_Jr, E.B. SP - 271 EP - 280 KW - Brazilian northeast KW - Coastal sand plains KW - ecotone KW - ecótono KW - floristic similarity KW - Nordeste do Brasil KW - Planície arenosa costeira KW - similaridade florística AB -The State of Maranhão comprises the second largest coastline in Brazil. Nonetheless, few floristic surveys on restinga
vegetation have been performed in Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to survey floristic in a restinga of Maranhão, and to assess its similarity to other restingas in the states of Pará and Piauí. Botanical specimens were sampled at Sítio Aguahy, in the municipality of São José de Ribamar, along the eastern coast of Maranhão between June/2012 and October/2013. Species identification and life forms classification followed the usual methods employed in floristic studies. Similarities in plant composition of six sites were estimated based on cluster analysis through Bray-Curtis distance. In the studied area, we found 116 phanerogamic species, 100 genera and 52 families; 19 species were new occurrences for the restinga of Maranhão. Families with largest number of species were Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae, and Eriocaulaceae, which comprised 49.2% of all sampled species. We identified 41 nanophanerophytes, 34 terophytes, 15 camephytes, ten microphanerophytes, six hemicryptophytes, and five lianas. Similarity analyses indicated greater affinity between the restinga flora from the states of Maranhão and Pará than that observed for the states of Maranhão and Piauí, suggesting that the process of species colonization in the former is more likely derived from the Amazon Forest. It is expected that these results may encourage future researchers to conduct further surveys in restinga areas of the Maranhão aiming to better understand the influence of neighboring vegetation on the colonization of the coastal areas of Maranhão.
O Estado do Maranhão possui o segundo maior litoral da costa brasileira. No entanto, poucos levantamentos florísticos foram realizados nas áreas de restinga no Nordeste do Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento florístico em uma área de restinga no Maranhão e analisar a similaridade com a flora das restingas dos Estados do Pará e do Piauí. As coletas botânicas foram realizadas na restinga do Sítio Aguahy, município de São José de Ribamar, na porção oriental da Ilha do Maranhão, no período de junho de 2012 a outubro de 2013. A identificação das espécies e a classificação das formas de vida seguiu a metodologia usual em estudos florísticos. A similaridade foi realizada através de análise de cluster a partir da distância de Bray-Curtis, onde foram considerados seis estudos. Foram listadas 116 espécies fanerogâmicas, 100 gêneros e 52 famílias. Deste total, 19 espécies são apresentadas como novas ocorrências para o litoral do Maranhão. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae e Eriocaulaceae, correspondendo a 49.2% das espécies encontradas. Quanto às formas de vida, foram identificados 41 nanofanerófitos, 34 terófitos, 15 caméfitos, 10 microfanerófitos, seis hemicriptófitos e cinco lianas. A análise de similaridade mostrou maior afinidade entre a flora da restinga do Maranhão e do Pará, do que com a flora do Piauí, sugerindo uma possível colonização da restinga estudada por espécies provenientes da floresta Amazônica. Espera-se que esses dados sejam vistos como um passo inicial para a realização de mais pesquisas nas demais restingas maranhenses para que, futuramente, proporcione a compreensão da influência da vegetação circunvizinha na colonização das áreas litorâneas do Maranhão.
VL - 46 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A flora de Cajueiro da Praia: uma área de tabuleiros do litoral do Piauí, Brasil JF - Revista Equador (UFPI) Y1 - 2016 A1 - Santos-Filho, F.S. A1 - Mesquita, T.K.S. A1 - Almeida_Jr, E.B. A1 - Zickel, C.S. SP - 21 EP - 35 KW - Formação Barreiras KW - Litoral do Nordeste do Brasil KW - Vegetação litorânea AB -
O litoral do Piauí apresenta duas formações geológicas distintas: áreas assentadas sobre areias
quartzosas do Quaternário e a Formação Barreiras do Terciário. Este estudo apresenta a composição
florística de tabuleiro litorâneo situado no município de Cajueiro da Praia (PI), além de dados relacionados
aos fatores abióticos para região. Foram comparados os dados sobre a vegetação da região com áreas de
restingas subjacentes. O estudo apresenta uma da lista de 73 espécies, pertencentes a 33 famílias botânicas,
classificadas de acordo com o Sistema APG III.
Sandy coastal plain vegetation (Restinga) is composed of communities of plants that grow on Quaternary Neosols along the entire extension of the Brazilian coast. The state of Piauí has a coastal extension of 66 km and is entirely located in the semi-arid zone of Northeastern Brazil. This study catalogued the phanerogam species found along the coast of the state of Piauí, the data of which was compiled from surveys in online databases and literature, and herbarium collections. A total of 363 species distributed among 235 genera, and 74 families were identified. The families with the greatest number of species included Fabaceae (108 species), Euphorbiaceae (19), Amaranthaceae (13), Apocynaceae (12), Cyperaceae (12), Rubiaceae (12), Bignoniaceae (11), Malvaceae (11) and Poaceae (11) and represent over 57.6% of the species collected. Approximately 87% of the species were common to other restinga areas in Northeastern Brazil, and ca. 13% were restricted to the coast of the state of Piauí.
VL - 11(2) IS - 1598 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do edaphic aspects alter vegetation structures in the Brazilian restinga? JF - Acta Botanica Brasilica Y1 - 2013 A1 - Santos-Filho, F.S. A1 - Almeida_Jr, E.B. A1 - Zickel, C.S. SP - 613 EP - 623 KW - canonical correspondence analysis KW - coastal vegetation KW - edaphic interactions AB -The vegetation of the Brazilian restinga (coastal woodland) presents a variety of species and different characteristics,
encompassing fields, fruit groves and forests on quartzarenic neosols. We hypothesised that the structure of the
restinga landscape along the coast of the state of Piauí is influenced by edaphic factors and presents a pattern similar
to that of other northeastern restingas. We evaluated three restingas in Piauí, using the quarter method to determine
their structure. Composite soil samples were collected to determine their chemical and physical properties. Edaphic
variables were correlated with plant species by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Phytosociological data for all
three areas indicated regenerating vegetation comprising several small individuals, 82.5% of which showed a diameter
at ground level ≤ 13 cm. We also observed considerable tillering. In two of the areas, there was a predominance of
Fabaceae species, such as Caesalpinia pyramidalis and Copaifera martii. Although the structural characteristics of the
restingas studied were similar to those of other northeastern restingas, the former showed lower Shannon diversity
indices (2.18-2.44). The CCA indicated that species distribution was influenced by edaphic factors such as pH, aluminium content and amount of organic matter. The restingas studied were similar to others along the Brazilian coast.
Sandy coastal plain (Restinga) vegetation is composed of the plant communities that grow on Quaternary Neosols along the entire Brazilian coast. Ceará state has a coastal extension of 578 km and lies totally within the semi-arid
zone of northeastern Brazil. Here we present a checklist of the phanerogamic species found along the coast of Ceará that
was compiled from surveys and collections found at the EAC herbarium (Fortaleza, Ceará). A total of 391 species distributed among 208 genera and 41 families were identified. The families with the greatest numbers of species were Fabaceae senso latu (130 species), Cyperaceae (51), Poaceae (47), Rubiaceae (27), Euphorbiaceae (19), Asteraceae (13), Bignoniaceae (11) and Malvaceae (12), representing over 78.77% of the species collected.
O presente trabalho traz uma caracterização das restingas da Área de Preservação Ambiental do Delta do Parnaíba, litoral do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram estudadas e georreferenciadas as formações vegetais das áreas assentadas sobre solos Quaternários. Foram identificados os três tipos de fisionomias também presentes em outras restingas de diferentes regiões do litoral brasileiro, assim como os subtipos mais frequentes. Além de uma concisa descrição das fisionomias encontradas no local, o trabalho traz uma lista das espécies mais freqüentes que predominam nestas paisagens.
This paper attempts to characterize "Restinga" (coastal vegetation) located at EPAs (Environmental Protection Areas) in the Parnaiba river delta by the coast of the state of Piauí, in the northeast of Brazil. Vegetation forms in areas over on soils of the Quaternary age were studied and geographically-referenced. The three types of physiognomy were identified, these being the same types found at other "Restinga" areas on the Brazilian coast, as well as the most frequent subtypes. Along with a concise description of the physiognomy found on the coast of Piauí, this paper also brings a list of the most frequent species that predominate in this landscape.
VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cargas polínicas de abelhas polinizadoras de Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelidade e fontes alternativas de recursos florais JF - Acta Botanica Brasilica Y1 - 2008 A1 - Ribeiro, E.K.M.D. A1 - Rêgo, M.M.C. A1 - Machado, I.C.S. SP - 165 EP - 171 KW - Byrsonima KW - Centris KW - pollen KW - pollen fidelity KW - Xylocopa KW - ‘restinga’ AB -(Pollen loads of pollinator bees of Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelity and alternative sources of
flower resources). Byrsonima chrysophylla, known as “murici pitanga”, is a shrubby species occurring in ‘restinga’. Among its visitors, bees of the Centridini tribe as well as Xylocopini bees are frequently found. To detect which plant species have been used by the most frequent visitors, pollen loads from the back legs (n = 5) and also from natural nests of Centris caxiensis (n = 7) were treated by acetolysis. During flowering of Byrsonima chrysophylla, this plant species was the main pollen source used by bees. Comolia lythrarioides and Myrcia sylvatica were secondary pollen sources, Mouriri guianensis was a secondary oil and pollen source, while Anacardium microcarpum, Cuphea tenella, Matayba discolor and Phthirusa pyrifolia were important nectar sources at this time. The pollen detected in the samples probably adhered to the bee’s body during nectar collection. The results show that the bee visitors do not mix pollen sources during the pollen-collecting flight, thus representing fidelity to Byrsonima chrysophylla flowers.
In this study, we present new records of
Faramea nitida that extend the range of this species in
Maranhão state, Brazil. The new data were the result
of fieldwork by us in restinga areas of São José de
Ribamar and Alcântara districts. This report highlights
the rediscovery of a species after many years (30 to 70
years) and shows the necessity for more floristic and
taxonomic studies on extreme northeastern Brazil.
Este livro trata de 57 espécies de macrófitas aquáticas que são nativas à região do Delta do Parnaíba, Brasil, nos estados de Piauí e Maranhão. Para cada espécie há fotos coloridas ilustrando a morfologia e detalhes descritivos com nomes vulgares e distribuição geográfica.
O livro estã sendo vendido através do site do Clube dos Autores neste link: https://www.clubedeautores.com.br/book/196629--Guia_de_campo_macrofitas_do_Delta_do_Parnaiba#.V0IMyb751AM
PB - os autores, com patrocinio da EDUFPI CY - Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae) JF - Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais Y1 - 2015 A1 - Miranda, J.A.L. A1 - Rocha, J.A. A1 - Araújo, K.M. A1 - Quelemes, P.V. A1 - Mayo, Simon J. A1 - Andrade, Ivanilza M. SP - 1142 EP - 1149 AB -
RESUMO: O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças é uma estratégia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as populações do mundo, e, embora novos antibióticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, às vezes são ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais têm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados à antibióticos de uso clínico, representando alternativa terapêutica para doenças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, é espécie macrófita, aquática emergente de hábito herbáceo, pertencente a família Araceae e ocorre em áreas alagáveis. A utilidade farmacológica desta espécie é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreumático, antidiurético e expectorante. Devido à relevância no campo etnofarmacológico, ampla utilização na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados à atividade antibacteriana desta espécie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alcoólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de verificação da formação de halos de inibição e determinação das concentrações inibitórias e bactericidas mínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metanólico seco (EMS), extrato metanólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etanólico seco (EES), apresentaram ação antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etanólico fresco (EEF) não apresentou atividade para as bactérias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentração de 200 μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacológicas de plantas da família Araceae são escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho são pioneiros em relação a atividade antibacteriana desta espécie.
Palavras-chave: Araceae, bioatividade, extratos alcoólicos, atividade antibacteriana.
ABSTRACT: Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae). For a long time, medicinal herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases by almost all populations in the world, and although new antibiotics have been developed for the control of infectious micro-organisms, they are sometimes ineffective. Many herbal extracts have antimicrobial effects and represent a potential alternative therapy for infectious diseases, especially when associated with the clinical use of antibiotics. The Montrichardia linifera, popularly known as Aninga, is a robust, herbaceous, emergent aquatic macrophyte belonging to the Araceae family, appearing along rivers and stream margins in the tropical America. The pharmacological application of this species are several ones, having been reported to own a healing, antirheumatic, anti-diuretic and expectorant effect. Due to the relevance in the ethnopharmacological field, the spread use in popular medicine and the few researches related to the antibacterial activity of this specie, the study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic leaf extracts of plants of Montrichardia linifera collected along the margins of Rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. The extract was tested in eight strains of ATCC bacterial standards: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The verification techniques used were the formation of inhibition halos, and the determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC). The antibacterial tests showed, as main results, that dried methanol extract (EMS), fresh methanol extract (EMF) and dry ethanol extract (EES) exhibited antibacterial activity, while the fresh ethanol extract (EEF) was inactive against the tested bacteria. The EMS was the most efficient one, inhibiting bacterial growth at a concentration of 200 μg/mL for E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL for S. aureus 400 μg/mL for S. epidermidis and 2.000 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The EMF obtained a MIC of 2.000 μg/mL for E. faecalis and EES obtained a MIC of 250 μg/mL for E. faecalis. The results showed that M. linifera is an efficient source of bioactive antibacterial compounds. Studies about the pharmacological properties of plants of the family Araceae are scarce, and the results of this work are pioneer in regard to the antibacterial activity of this species.
Keywords: Araceae, bioactivity, alcoholic extracts, antibacterial activity.
VL - 17 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ocorrência de Crenea maritima (Lythraceae) para o Delta do Parnaíba, Brasil JF - Rodriguésia Y1 - 2015 A1 - Silva, M. Francilene S. A1 - Mayo, Simon J. A1 - Andrade, Ivanilza M. SP - 931 EP - 937 AB -
Resumo
O gênero Crenea é composto por duas espécies, Crenea maritima e C. patentinervis, restrito às costas e estuários do norte da América do Sul da Colômbia ao Pará, no Brasil. Estudos taxonômicos tratando exclusivamente de Crenea são restritos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo divulgar a ocorrência de Crenea maritima para o Delta do Rio Parnaíba (Piauí e Maranhão), assim como caracterizar sua morfologia, taxonomia e condições ecológicas. As ilustrações foram baseadas nos principais caracteres diagnósticos das amostras coletadas.
Palavras-chave: Crenea, macrófita aquática, mangue, nova ocorrência.
Abstract
The genus Crenea consists of two species, Crenea maritima and C. patentinervis, restricted to the coasts and estuaries of northern South America from Colombia to Pará in Brazil. Taxonomic studies dealing exclusively Crenea are few. This study reports a new record for Crenea maritima in the Delta of the Rio Parnaíba (Piauí and Maranhão states, Brazil), as well as characterizing the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of this species. The illustrations was based on the main diagnostic characters of the species as observed in the collected samples.
Key words: Crenea, aquatic macrophytes, mangrove, new record.
An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Sobradinho community, Luís Correia, Piauí, Brazil was undertaken to recover and document traditional knowledge with the aim of supporting chemical, biological, agronomic, pharmaceutical and socio-economic studies related to the region's biodiversity. Fifteen research visits to the community were made between March 2013 to January 2014 involving 31 respondents from the community, the majority (74.4%) being women aged between 27 and 84 years. The methodology used was interview by the snowball method using questionnaires. Analysis of the data gathered was based on use value and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Botanical voucher specimens were made of the species cited by informants and deposited at the HDELTA herbarium. 57 species belonging to 33 families were identified, of which 56% were native and 44% exotic. The best represented families were Fabaceae (14%), Lamiaceae and Myrtaceae (9% each). The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts (69%), followed by the stem (22%), fruit (4%), flower (2%), root and seed (1%). The species that showed the highest use value (VU) were Cymbopogon
citratus (DC.) Stapf (capim-santo) and Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) with VU = 0.26. The Shannon-Wiener index value was highest for the elderly group (n=15, 48% of total respondents), but young people were not represented among the informants. A total of 67 different medicinal indications were recorded, the highest number of species being used to treat medical conditions associated with inflammation, pain and fever. Informants claimed to have learned the use of medicinal plants from older members of the community and there was little interest evident among young people in acquiring this knowledge. Community informants are the holders of medicinal plant knowledge of the local flora and its practical application.
Anacardium microcarpum (cajuí) differs from A. occidentale (cashew) by its smaller drupe and hypocarp and more restricted range in cerrados and coastal plateaux of Brazil’s Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte states. Taxonomists treat A. microcarpum as conspecific with A. occidentale, but many agronomists treat it as distinct. This study used geometric morphometrics to investigate leaf shape differences between the two taxa in ten populations from coastal Piauí state, Brazil with samples of 300–380 leaves. Configurations of two landmarks and 14 semilandmarks were digitized along the leaf outline from standardized images and subjected to multivariate analysis after Procrustes alignment. Principal component analysis produced four significant principal component shape variables accounting for 79.5 % total variance. These were visualized using thin-plate spline analysis. Discriminant analysis showed a significant difference between the taxon means (P = 0.003). Jackknife cross-validation correctly classified only 61.3 % of A. occidentale individuals and 56.7 % of A. microcarpum. Non-Parametric MANOVA of the ten populations showed significant population differences (P = 0.0001). The most isolated population (Cocal da Estação)—the only one from the interior of the state—differed most. A Mantel test found no significant correlation between morphological dissimilarity and geographical distance. Although leaf shape differences both between taxa and populations were statistically significant, overlap made leaf shape difference alone ineffective for separating A. microcarpum from A. occidentale.
VL - 37 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Araceae in Ceará, Brazil: humid forest plants in a semi-arid region JF - Rodriguesia Y1 - 2013 A1 - Andrade, Ivanilza M. A1 - Mayo, Simon J. A1 - Silva, M. Francilene S. A1 - Sousa, Danilo, J.L. A1 - Matias, Ligia Q. A1 - Ribeiro, Thales A. SP - 1 EP - 33 AB -The study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the Araceae of Ceará, a state lying within Brazil’s semi-arid region. The aroid flora shows greater similarity to those of central Brazil and Amazonia than to the Atlantic forest. Most species occur in humid forest fragments - the “florestas serranas”. Geophytes are also found in caatinga and dry forest (Taccarum ulei) and lithophytes on rock outcrops in dry forest (Philodendron acutatum). Floating aquatics occur in ponds and lakes throughout the state (Pistia stratiotes, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna minuta, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia columbiana, Wolffiella welwitschii), and freshwater helophytes (Montrichardia linifera) along river margins. 28 taxa (species and varieties) in 19 genera are described and most are illustrated: Anthurium (three spp.), Caladium (one sp.), Dieffenbachia (one sp.), Dracontium (one sp.), Lemna (two spp.), Monstera (two spp., one with two varieties), Montrichardia (one sp.), Philodendron (four spp.), Pistia (one sp.), Scaphispatha (one sp.), Spathicarpa (one sp.), Spathiphyllum (one sp.), Spirodela (one sp.), Syngonium (one sp.), Taccarum (one sp.), Wolffia (one sp.), Wolffiella (one sp.), Xanthosoma (two spp.), Zomicarpa (one sp.). New records for Ceará are Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia, Dracontium nivosum, Monstera adansonii var. laniata, Philodendron sp. aff. ruthianum and the naturalized exotic Typhonium roxburghii. An identification key and data on geographic distribution and conservation status are provided.
VL - 64 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations on Habitat, Activity, Foraging, and Diet in the Amazon Treeboa, Corallus hortulanus, on Batatas Island, Parnaíba Delta, Piauí, Brazil JF - IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians Y1 - 2010 A1 - Pedro da Costa Silva ED - Robert W. H enderson SP - 221 AB -Batatas Island represents a small portion of P arnaíba Delta, measuring
15 km2, bordered to the west by the Rio P arnaíba and to the east by
Lontras and M irim creeks. M ost of the land is devoted to agriculture, rice
in the region that comprises gallery forest, and sugarcane and banana plantations
in the interior.
Between June 2009 and S eptember 2010, 80 encounters with Amazon
Treeboas (Corallus hortulanus) resulted in a total of 144 hours of observations
of individuals in size classes ranging from juveniles to large adults. Forty percent
of observations were of adults, 50% subadults, and 10% juveniles.
Genetic variation was investigated using AFLP markers in 12 populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum (Araceae) in north-east Brazil, Amazonia and the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Two unique genetic patterns characterized the populations of A. sinuatum as a group, but no correlation between genetic and geographical interpopulation distance was found; the Amazonian population was not separated from that in Ceará. The isolated Ceará brejo populations of A. sinuatum were genetically distinct, but genetic diversity levels were similar to populations elsewhere, with no evidence of genetic erosion. Anthurium pentaphyllum populations were significantly different from each other; Bayesian genetic structural analysis found no common genetic pattern, but revealed genetic clusters unique to subgroups and individual populations in the Atlantic forest and French Guiana. Anthurium pentaphyllum and A. sinuatum can be distinguished genetically, but individuals of both species formed intermediate genetic clusters that blurred their distinction. We suggest that genetic mixing of A. sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum has occurred in north-east Brazil, possibly connected with cycles of humid forest expansion. The weak genetic structure in A. sinuatum is consistent with the natural fragmentation of continuous forest areas, possibly during the Holocene.
VL - 159 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Preliminary Study of Genetic Variation in Populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae) from North-East Brazil, Estimated with AFLP Molecular Markers JF - Annals of Botany Y1 - 2007 A1 - Andrade, Ivanilza M. A1 - Mayo, Simon J. A1 - van den Berg, C. A1 - Fay, M.F. A1 - Chester, M. A1 - Lexer, C. A1 - Kirkup, D. SP - 1154 AB -† Background and Aims This study sought genetic evidence of long-term isolation in populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae), a herbaceous, probably outbreeding, humid forest hemi-epiphyte, in the brejo forests of Ceara´ (north-east Brazil), and clarification of their relationships with populations in Amazonia and the Atlantic forest of Brazil. † Methods Within-population genetic diversity and between-population dissimilarity were estimated using AFLP molecular markers in 75 individuals from eight populations located in Ceara´, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Amazonia. † Key Results The populations showed a clinal pattern of weak genetic differentiation over a large geographical region (FST ¼ 0.1896). A strong correlation between genetic and geographical distance (Mantel test: r ¼ 0.6903, P ¼ 0.002) suggests a historical pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic structure analysis revealed at least two distinct gene pools in the data. The two isolated Ceara´ populations are significantly different from each other ( pairwise FPT ¼ 0.137, P ¼ 0.003) and as diverse (Nei’s gene diversity, average He ¼ 0.1832, 0.1706) as those in the Atlantic and Amazon forest regions. The population in southern Brazil is less diverse (Nei’s gene diversity, average He ¼ 0.127) than the rest. The Ceara´ populations are related to those of the Atlantic forest rather than those from Amazonia (AMOVA, among-groups variation ¼ 11.95 %, P ¼ 0.037). †Conclusions The gene pools detected within an overall pattern of clinal variation suggest distinct episodes of gene flow, possibly correlated with past humid forest expansions. The Ceara´ populations show no evidence of erosion of genetic diversity, although this was expected because of their isolation. Their genetic differentiation and relatively high diversity reinforce the importance of conserving the endangered brejo forests..
VL - 100 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geometric morphometrics of leaf blade shape in Montrichardia linifera (Araceae) populations from the Rio Parnaíba Delta, north-east Brazil JF - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society Y1 - 2012 A1 - Silva, M. Francilene S. A1 - Andrade, Ivanilza M. A1 - Mayo, Simon J. SP - 572 KW - allometry KW - Maranhão KW - MorphoJ KW - multivariate analysis KW - Piauí KW - taxonomy AB -Leaf characters of populations of the aquatic macrophyte Montrichardia linifera were studied using geometric morphometrics to compare variation with traditional circumscriptions of the two recognized species. Two hundred and ten individuals were sampled from seven populations in the delta region of the Rio Parnaíba, north-east Brazil. Six landmarks of the leaf blade were digitized from images and analysed with MorphoJ software. Procrustesaligned configurations were studied using principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis in the pooled data and individual populations. Sinus shape variation was studied using landmark configurations of the posterior lobe basiscopic lamina. Covariation of leaf blade shape, basiscopic lamina shape, secondary vein number and petiole ligule length was investigated with partial least squares analysis. Allometry of these variables with leaf blade centroid size was investigated using multivariate regression, linear modelling and analysis of covariance. Measured variables varied continuously over the ranges previously reported for the two species. The characters of the two species morphotypes covaried and were only partly influenced by allometric effects. Symmetric shape variables predominated, but a distinctive left- and right-handed asymmetry occurred in all populations. Genetic and ecological studies are needed to investigate the significant inter-population differences further. The study offers a methodology for a broader combined morphometric/molecular investigation
VL - 170 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Biodiversidade do Delta do Parnaíba: litoral piauiense Y1 - 2012 A1 - Guzzi, Anderson A1 - Andrade, Ivanilza M. A1 - Alves, M. Helena A1 - Lima, Eudes F. SP - 465 KW - Algas KW - Anfíbios KW - Aves KW - Brasil KW - Delta do Parnaíba KW - Fungos KW - Mamíferos KW - Peixes KW - Piauí KW - Plantas KW - Répteis AB -O Delta do Rio Parnaíba é considerado o terceiro maior do mundo e o único encontrado no Continente Americano a desaguar diretamente no oceano, possui uma ampla área de cobertura com cerca de 2.750 km², e é caracterizado como um complexo mosaico de ecossistemas entrecortados por baías e estuários. Situado entre os Estados do Piauí e Maranhão, caracteriza-se como uma região fluvio-marinha bastante dinâmica formada pela tensão ecológica entre as formações de Cerrado, Caatinga e Sistemas marinhos. Devido à sua alta produtividade primária é considerado como um santuário reprodutivo para inúmeras espécies migratórias.
Apesar da influência desses biomas e da grande extensão, pouco se sabe sobre a biodiversidade encontrada na região. Trabalhos que enfoquem a biodiversidade do Delta são recentes e bastante escassos. A grande heterogeneidade de ambientes encontrada no Delta oferece diferentes condições de hábitats, o que possibilita a distribuição da fauna e flora de acordo com as características ambientais adequadas para o desenvolvimento de cada espécie.
O objetivo desse livro foi organizar e divulgar as principais pesquisas desenvolvidas no Delta, tanto dos professores e alunos da UFPI e UESPI, quanto de ONGs locais, e está organizado em capítulos de forma a resgatar a ordem filogenética das espécies (Algas, Fungos, Plantas, Peixes, Anfíbios, Répteis, Aves e Mamíferos), e alguns desses capítulos apresentam o conhecimento tradicional das comunidades locais, outros caracterizam os principais aspectos socioeconômicos da região e há um fechamento do livro com atividades de educação ambiental, pois o homem, além de fazer parte do meio ambiente, quando consciente é responsável por sua manutenção.