@article {66, title = {III ENCONTRO REGIONAL DA CAATINGA}, year = {2021}, author = {Anon} } @article {64, title = {List of Anacardium morphometric and molecular studies}, year = {2019}, author = {Mayo, Simon J.} } @article {62, title = {Andrade et al. 2019 Supplementary Table 1}, year = {2019} } @article {57, title = {Morphometrics of wild cashew in coastal Piau{\'\i}}, journal = {Feddes Repertorium}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, pages = {1-28}, abstract = {

The infraspecific taxonomy of wild Anacardium occidentale is little studied. We investigated
whether wild populations on coastal dunes in Piau{\i}, Brazil differed from non-wild populations.
Ten populations were sampled and twenty one morphological variables were measured.
Variation within and between populations was investigated with univariate and
multivariate statistics. Dune populations were mostly more similar to one another than to
domesticated ones. There was significant correlation between inter-population geographical
distance and morphological dissimilarity. Classification methods showed 96.4\% successful
assignment to the dune category and 86\% to 100\% to dune populations
individually, but dune and non-dune populations overlap morphologically. Dune populations
had shorter, broader leaves, shorter drupes and fewer secondary veins. Non-dune coastal
populations showed strongest similarity to dune populations. Populations distant from the
coast were most divergent. The population from the cerrado region was most distinct, with
thicker leaf blades and narrower petioles. The dune populations are recognised as the
\“restinga ecotype\” of A. occidentale. Correlation of dissimilarity and distance may result
from gene flow and/or non-inherited environmental effects. Ecology and nomenclature (including
the vernacular \“caju{\i}\”) of the restinga ecotype are reviewed. Further comparison of
restinga populations is needed along the Brazilian coastline and with natural cerrado populations.

}, keywords = {Anacardium microcarpum, caju, caju{\'\i}, cerrado, infraspecific taxonomy, restinga}, doi = {DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201800024}, author = {Andrade, I.M. and Nascimento, J.D{\textquoteright}A.O. and Sousa, M.V. and Santos, J.O. and Mayo, S.J.} } @booklet {55, title = {II Encontro Regional da Caatinga }, year = {2019} } @article {42, title = {Araceae do PIAU{\'I}}, journal = {Iheringia}, volume = {vvv}, year = {2017}, month = {vv}, pages = {vv}, type = {vv}, chapter = {vv}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M.}, editor = {Mayo, Simon J.} } @article {37, title = {In vitro effects of Pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology}, volume = {25}, year = {2016}, month = {06/2016}, pages = {248-253}, chapter = {248}, abstract = {

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) and pilocarpine
hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), respectively, on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to quantify these compounds. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. Five AE and EE concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg mL\–1, and six concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride, ranging from 0.7 to 24.0 mg mL\–1, were tested. The lethal concentration (LC50) of each extract for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. The concentration of pilocarpine hydrochloride obtained from the EE and the AE was 1.3 and 0.3\% (m/m), respectively. Pilocarpine hydrochloride presented the highest acaricidal activity on larvae (LC50 2.6 mg mL\–1) and engorged females (LC50 11.8 mg mL\–1) of R.(B.) microplus, followed by the EE which presented LC50 of 56.4 and 15.9 mg mL\–1, for larvae and engorged females, respectively. Such results indicate that pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity, and may be the primary compound responsible for this activity by P. microphyllus EE.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade dos extratos aquoso (AE) e etan\ólico (EE) e do cloridrato de pilocarpina,
que foram, respectivamente, extra\ídos e isolado de Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi), sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus. Cromatografia l\íquida de alta efici\ência foi realizada para quantifica\ç\ão dos compostos. Testes de pacote de
larvas e de imers\ão de adultos foram realizados com diferentes concentra\ç\ões. Cinco concentra\ç\ões do AE e EE variando
de 6,2 a 100,0 mg mL\–1 e seis concentra\ç\ões do cloridrato de pilocarpina variando de 0,7 a 24,0 mg mL\–1 foram testadas.
A concentra\ç\ão letal (CL50) de cada extrato para larvas e f\êmeas ingurgitadas foi estimada por meio da an\álise Probit.
A concentra\ç\ão de cloridrato de pilocarpina obtida do EE e AE foi de 1,3 e 0,3\% (m/m), respectivamente. O cloridrato
de pilocarpina apresentou a maior atividade carrapaticida sobre larvas (CL50 2,6 mg mL\–1) e f\êmeas ingurgitadas
(CL50 11,8 mg mL\–1) de R. (B.) microplus, seguido do EE que apresentou CL50 de 56,4 e 15,9 mg mL\–1, para larvas
e f\êmeas ingurgitadas, respectivamente. Tais resultados indicam que o cloridrato de pilocarpina apresenta atividade
carrapaticida e pode ser o principal respons\ável pela atividade acaricida do EE de P. microphyllus.

}, keywords = {Acaricida, Acaricide, carrapato, cloridrato de pilocarpina, control, controle, pilocarpine hydrochloride, Pilocarpus micropyllus, tick}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016032}, author = {Castro, K.N.C. and Lima, D.F. and Wolschick, D. and Andrade, I.M. and Santos, R.C. and Santos, F.J.S. and Veras, L.M.C. and Costa-J{\'u}nior, L.M.} } @article {36, title = {Ethnobotanical and ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants used in the municipality of Bom Princ{\'\i}pio do Piau{\'\i}, Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2016}, month = {17 June 2016}, pages = {318-330}, chapter = {318}, abstract = {

Knowledge of medicinal plants has accumulated over centuries and often represents the only
therapeutic resource of small municipalities in the interior of Brazil. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the population of the municipality of Bom
Princ\ípio do Piau\í, Piau\í state, for the treatment of diseases in humans and domestic animals.
Interviews were conducted with 38 residents using standardized questionnaire forms, with the
\"snowball\" technique. Fifty nine families, 98 genera and 112 species were recorded. Of these, 22.3\%
were indicated for the treatment of diseases in animals and 9.8\% were said to cause adverse effects.
The families with most species were Fabaceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (11) and Lamiaceae (6). The species
with greatest use value (UV) were Myracrodruon urundeuva Allem\ão (0.65), Dysphania ambrosioides
(L.) Mosyakin and Clemants (0.63) and Amburana cearensis (Allem\ão) A.C.Sm. (0.42). The leaves were
the parts most frequently used (26.8\%), followed by bark (21.0\%). Of the 15 used categories listed in this
study, those with the highest number of recorded species were related to illnesses associated with the
digestive tract (102), diseases of the genitourinary system (72) and diseases of the respiratory system
(60). This study revealed the importance of knowledge and use of medicinal plants in caring for the
health of people and domestic animals in the municipality. In addition, the study provided information
on plants of the local flora with pharmacological potential.

}, keywords = {Caatinga, herbal medicine, medicinal plant, popular knowledge}, issn = {ISSN 1996-0875}, doi = {10.5897/JMPR2015.6038}, author = {Castro, K.N.C. and Wolschick, D. and Leite, R.R.S. and Andrade, I.M. and Magalh{\~a}es, J.A. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {35, title = {Dracontium nivosum (Lem.) G.H.Zhu (Araceae): range extension from Amazonia to a brejo forest refugium in Northeast Brazil confirmed}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {12(3)}, year = {2016}, month = {22 June 2016}, pages = {1-7}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The 558 km range extension of the Amazonian aroid Dracontium nivosum (Lem.) G.H.Zhu into semiarid Northeast Brazil is confirmed. This species occurs in Cear\á in threatened fragments of brejo forest at ca. 580\–870 m elevation. An illustrated taxonomic description is provided. The species\’ Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated as 356,392 km2 (meets Least Concern); the Area of Occupancy (AOO), 60 km2 using a 2\×2 km cell (Endangered). Within Cear\á the EOO is 41.4 km2 (Critically Endangered) and the AOO is 16 km2 (Endangered).

}, keywords = {Cear{\'a}, Chapada da Ibiapaba, conservation status, range extension, semi-arid Neotropics, spatial analysis, threatened forest fragments}, issn = {ISSN 1809-127X}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.3.1908}, author = {Andrade, I.M. and Silva, M.F.S. and Ribeiro, T.A. and Mayo, S.J.} } @article {34, title = {Species richness in restinga vegetation on the eastern Maranh{\~a}o State, Northeastern Brazil}, journal = {Acta Amazonica}, volume = {46}, year = {2016}, pages = {271-280}, chapter = {271}, abstract = {

The State of Maranh\ão comprises the second largest coastline in Brazil. Nonetheless, few floristic surveys on restinga
vegetation have been performed in Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to survey floristic in a restinga of Maranh\ão, and to assess its similarity to other restingas in the states of Par\á and Piau\í. Botanical specimens were sampled at S\ítio Aguahy, in the municipality of S\ão Jos\é de Ribamar, along the eastern coast of Maranh\ão between June/2012 and October/2013. Species identification and life forms classification followed the usual methods employed in floristic studies. Similarities in plant composition of six sites were estimated based on cluster analysis through Bray-Curtis distance. In the studied area, we found 116 phanerogamic species, 100 genera and 52 families; 19 species were new occurrences for the restinga of Maranh\ão. Families with largest number of species were Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae, and Eriocaulaceae, which comprised 49.2\% of all sampled species. We identified 41 nanophanerophytes, 34 terophytes, 15 camephytes, ten microphanerophytes, six hemicryptophytes, and five lianas. Similarity analyses indicated greater affinity between the restinga flora from the states of Maranh\ão and Par\á than that observed for the states of Maranh\ão and Piau\í, suggesting that the process of species colonization in the former is more likely derived from the Amazon Forest. It is expected that these results may encourage future researchers to conduct further surveys in restinga areas of the Maranh\ão aiming to better understand the influence of neighboring vegetation on the colonization of the coastal areas of Maranh\ão.

O Estado do Maranh\ão possui o segundo maior litoral da costa brasileira. No entanto, poucos levantamentos flor\ísticos foram realizados nas \áreas de restinga no Nordeste do Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento flor\ístico em uma \área de restinga no Maranh\ão e analisar a similaridade com a flora das restingas dos Estados do Par\á e do Piau\í. As coletas bot\ânicas foram realizadas na restinga do S\ítio Aguahy, munic\ípio de S\ão Jos\é de Ribamar, na por\ç\ão oriental da Ilha do Maranh\ão, no per\íodo de junho de 2012 a outubro de 2013. A identifica\ç\ão das esp\écies e a classifica\ç\ão das formas de vida seguiu a metodologia usual em estudos flor\ísticos. A similaridade foi realizada atrav\és de an\álise de cluster a partir da dist\ância de Bray-Curtis, onde foram considerados seis estudos. Foram listadas 116 esp\écies fanerog\âmicas, 100 g\êneros e 52 fam\ílias. Deste total, 19 esp\écies s\ão apresentadas como novas ocorr\ências para o litoral do Maranh\ão. As fam\ílias com maior n\úmero de esp\écies foram Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae e Eriocaulaceae, correspondendo a 49.2\% das esp\écies encontradas. Quanto \às formas de vida, foram identificados 41 nanofaner\ófitos, 34 ter\ófitos, 15 cam\éfitos, 10 microfaner\ófitos, seis hemicript\ófitos e cinco lianas. A an\álise de similaridade mostrou maior afinidade entre a flora da restinga do Maranh\ão e do Par\á, do que com a flora do Piau\í, sugerindo uma poss\ível coloniza\ç\ão da restinga estudada por esp\écies provenientes da floresta Amaz\ônica. Espera-se que esses dados sejam vistos como um passo inicial para a realiza\ç\ão de mais pesquisas nas demais restingas maranhenses para que, futuramente, proporcione a compreens\ão da influ\ência da vegeta\ç\ão circunvizinha na coloniza\ç\ão das \áreas litor\âneas do Maranh\ão.

}, keywords = {Brazilian northeast, Coastal sand plains, ecotone, ec{\'o}tono, floristic similarity, Nordeste do Brasil, Plan{\'\i}cie arenosa costeira, similaridade flor{\'\i}stica}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201504704}, author = {Serra, F.C.V. and Lima, P.B. and Almeida_Jr, E.B.} } @article {33, title = {A flora de Cajueiro da Praia: uma {\'a}rea de tabuleiros do litoral do Piau{\'\i}, Brasil}, journal = {Revista Equador (UFPI)}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, pages = {21-35}, chapter = {21}, abstract = {

O litoral do Piau\í apresenta duas forma\ç\ões geol\ógicas distintas: \áreas assentadas sobre areias
quartzosas do Quatern\ário e a Forma\ç\ão Barreiras do Terci\ário. Este estudo apresenta a composi\ç\ão
flor\ística de tabuleiro litor\âneo situado no munic\ípio de Cajueiro da Praia (PI), al\ém de dados relacionados
aos fatores abi\óticos para regi\ão. Foram comparados os dados sobre a vegeta\ç\ão da regi\ão com \áreas de
restingas subjacentes. O estudo apresenta uma da lista de 73 esp\écies, pertencentes a 33 fam\ílias bot\ânicas,
classificadas de acordo com o Sistema APG III.

}, keywords = {Forma{\c c}{\~a}o Barreiras, Litoral do Nordeste do Brasil, Vegeta{\c c}{\~a}o litor{\^a}nea}, author = {Santos-Filho, F.S. and Mesquita, T.K.S. and Almeida_Jr, E.B. and Zickel, C.S.} } @article {32, title = {Checklist of the flora of the restingas of Piau{\'\i} state, Northeast Brazil}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {11(2)}, year = {2015}, pages = {10}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Sandy coastal plain vegetation (Restinga) is composed of communities of plants that grow on Quaternary Neosols along the entire extension of the Brazilian coast. The state of Piau\í has a coastal extension of 66 km and is entirely located in the semi-arid zone of Northeastern Brazil. This study catalogued the phanerogam species found along the coast of the state of Piau\í, the data of which was compiled from surveys in online databases and literature, and herbarium collections. A total of 363 species distributed among 235 genera, and 74 families were identified. The families with the greatest number of species included Fabaceae (108 species), Euphorbiaceae (19), Amaranthaceae (13), Apocynaceae (12), Cyperaceae (12), Rubiaceae (12), Bignoniaceae (11), Malvaceae (11) and Poaceae (11) and represent over 57.6\% of the species collected. Approximately 87\% of the species were common to other restinga areas in Northeastern Brazil, and ca. 13\% were restricted to the coast of the state of Piau\í.

}, keywords = {coastal vegetation, herbarium, Northeastern Brazil, Quaternary Neosols, restinga vegetation}, author = {Santos-Filho, F.S. and Almeida_Jr, E.B. and Lima, P.B. and Soares, C.J.R.S.} } @article {31, title = {Do edaphic aspects alter vegetation structures in the Brazilian restinga?}, journal = {Acta Botanica Brasilica}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, pages = {613-623}, chapter = {613}, abstract = {

The vegetation of the Brazilian restinga (coastal woodland) presents a variety of species and different characteristics,
encompassing fields, fruit groves and forests on quartzarenic neosols. We hypothesised that the structure of the
restinga landscape along the coast of the state of Piau\í is influenced by edaphic factors and presents a pattern similar
to that of other northeastern restingas. We evaluated three restingas in Piau\í, using the quarter method to determine
their structure. Composite soil samples were collected to determine their chemical and physical properties. Edaphic
variables were correlated with plant species by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Phytosociological data for all
three areas indicated regenerating vegetation comprising several small individuals, 82.5\% of which showed a diameter
at ground level \≤ 13 cm. We also observed considerable tillering. In two of the areas, there was a predominance of
Fabaceae species, such as Caesalpinia pyramidalis and Copaifera martii. Although the structural characteristics of the
restingas studied were similar to those of other northeastern restingas, the former showed lower Shannon diversity
indices (2.18-2.44). The CCA indicated that species distribution was influenced by edaphic factors such as pH, aluminium content and amount of organic matter. The restingas studied were similar to others along the Brazilian coast.

}, keywords = {canonical correspondence analysis, coastal vegetation, edaphic interactions}, author = {Santos-Filho, F.S. and Almeida_Jr, E.B. and Zickel, C.S.} } @article {30, title = {Magnoliophyta, restinga vegetation, state of Cear{\'a}, Brazil}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {7}, year = {2011}, pages = {478-485}, chapter = {478}, abstract = {

Sandy coastal plain (Restinga) vegetation is composed of the plant communities that grow on Quaternary Neosols along the entire Brazilian coast. Cear\á state has a coastal extension of 578 km and lies totally within the semi-arid
zone of northeastern Brazil. Here we present a checklist of the phanerogamic species found along the coast of Cear\á that
was compiled from surveys and collections found at the EAC herbarium (Fortaleza, Cear\á). A total of 391 species\  distributed among 208 genera and 41 families were identified. The families with the greatest numbers of species were Fabaceae senso latu (130 species), Cyperaceae (51), Poaceae (47), Rubiaceae (27), Euphorbiaceae (19), Asteraceae (13), Bignoniaceae (11) and Malvaceae (12), representing over 78.77\% of the species collected.

}, author = {Santos-Filho, F.S. and Almeida_Jr, E.B. and Bezerra, L.F.M. and Lima, L.F. and Zickel, C.S.} } @article {29, title = {Fisionomias das restingas do Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba, Nordeste, Brasil}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Geografia F{\'\i}sica}, volume = {3}, year = {2010}, pages = {218-227}, chapter = {218}, abstract = {

O presente trabalho traz uma caracteriza\ç\ão das restingas da \Área de Preserva\ç\ão Ambiental do Delta do Parna\íba, litoral do Piau\í, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram estudadas e georreferenciadas as forma\ç\ões vegetais das \áreas assentadas sobre solos Quatern\ários. Foram identificados os tr\ês tipos de fisionomias tamb\ém presentes em outras restingas de diferentes regi\ões do litoral brasileiro, assim como os subtipos mais frequentes. Al\ém de uma concisa descri\ç\ão das fisionomias encontradas no local, o trabalho traz uma lista das esp\écies mais freq\üentes que predominam nestas paisagens.

This paper attempts to characterize \"Restinga\" (coastal vegetation) located at EPAs (Environmental Protection Areas) in the Parnaiba river delta by the coast of the state of Piau\í, in the northeast of Brazil. Vegetation forms in areas over on soils of the Quaternary age were studied and geographically-referenced. The three types of physiognomy were identified, these being the same types found at other \"Restinga\" areas on the Brazilian coast, as well as the most frequent subtypes. Along with a concise description of the physiognomy found on the coast of Piau\í, this paper also brings a list of the most frequent species that predominate in this landscape.

}, author = {Santos-Filho, F.S. and Almeida_Jr, E.B. and Soares, C.J.R.S. and Zickel, C.S.} } @article {28, title = {Cargas pol{\'\i}nicas de abelhas polinizadoras de Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelidade e fontes alternativas de recursos florais}, journal = {Acta Botanica Brasilica}, volume = {22}, year = {2008}, pages = {165-171}, chapter = {165}, abstract = {

(Pollen loads of pollinator bees of Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelity and alternative sources of
flower resources). Byrsonima chrysophylla, known as \“murici pitanga\”, is a shrubby species occurring in \‘restinga\’. Among its visitors, bees of the Centridini tribe as well as Xylocopini bees are frequently found. To detect which plant species have been used by the most frequent visitors, pollen loads from the back legs (n = 5) and also from natural nests of Centris caxiensis (n = 7) were treated by acetolysis. During flowering of Byrsonima chrysophylla, this plant species was the main pollen source used by bees. Comolia lythrarioides and Myrcia sylvatica were secondary pollen sources, Mouriri guianensis was a secondary oil and pollen source, while Anacardium microcarpum, Cuphea tenella, Matayba discolor and Phthirusa pyrifolia were important nectar sources at this time. The pollen detected in the samples probably adhered to the bee\’s body during nectar collection. The results show that the bee visitors do not mix pollen sources during the pollen-collecting flight, thus representing fidelity to Byrsonima chrysophylla flowers.

}, keywords = {Byrsonima, Centris, pollen, pollen fidelity, Xylocopa, {\textquoteleft}restinga{\textquoteright}}, author = {Ribeiro, E.K.M.D. and R{\^e}go, M.M.C. and Machado, I.C.S.} } @article {27, title = {Expansion of the geographic distribution of Faramea nitida Benth. in the restinga of Maranh{\~a}o state, northeastern Brazil}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {12(1)}, year = {2016}, month = {23 January 2016}, pages = {1-3}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

In this study, we present new records of
Faramea nitida that extend the range of this species in
Maranh\ão state, Brazil. The new data were the result
of fieldwork by us in restinga areas of S\ão Jos\é de
Ribamar and Alc\ântara districts. This report highlights
the rediscovery of a species after many years (30 to 70
years) and shows the necessity for more floristic and
taxonomic studies on extreme northeastern Brazil.

}, keywords = {coastal vegetation; species rediscovery; Rubiaceae; S{\~a}o Lu{\'\i}s}, issn = {ISSN 1809-127X}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.1.1831}, author = {Castro, A.R.R. and Almeida_Jr, E.B.} } @book {26, title = {Guia de Campo Macr{\'o}fitas do Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba}, year = {2014}, pages = {143}, publisher = {os autores, com patrocinio da EDUFPI}, organization = {os autores, com patrocinio da EDUFPI}, edition = {First}, address = {Parna{\'\i}ba, Piau{\'\i}, Brasil}, abstract = {

Este livro trata de 57\  esp\écies de macr\ófitas aqu\áticas que s\ão nativas \à regi\ão do Delta do Parna\íba, Brasil, nos estados de Piau\í e Maranh\ão. Para cada esp\écie h\á fotos coloridas ilustrando a morfologia e detalhes descritivos com nomes vulgares e distribui\ç\ão geogr\áfica.

O livro est\ã sendo vendido atrav\és do site do Clube dos Autores neste link:\  https://www.clubedeautores.com.br/book/196629--Guia_de_campo_macrofitas_do_Delta_do_Parnaiba$\#$.V0IMyb751AM

}, issn = {978-85-7463-764-8}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Silva, M. Francilene S. and Costa, M.Concei{\c c}{\~a}o A. and Mayo, Simon J.} } @article {24, title = {Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae)}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais}, volume = {17}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {1142-1149}, chapter = {1142}, abstract = {

RESUMO: O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doen\ças \é uma estrat\égia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as popula\ç\ões do mundo, e, embora novos antibi\óticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, \às vezes s\ão ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais t\êm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados \à antibi\óticos de uso cl\ínico, representando alternativa terap\êutica para doen\ças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, \é esp\écie macr\ófita, aqu\ática emergente de h\ábito herb\áceo, pertencente a fam\ília Araceae e ocorre em \áreas alag\áveis. A utilidade farmacol\ógica desta esp\écie \é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreum\ático, antidiur\ético e expectorante. Devido \à relev\ância no campo etnofarmacol\ógico, ampla utiliza\ç\ão na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados \à atividade antibacteriana desta esp\écie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alco\ólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igara\çu, Parna\íba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bact\érias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as t\écnicas de verifica\ç\ão da forma\ç\ão de halos de inibi\ç\ão e determina\ç\ão das concentra\ç\ões inibit\órias e bactericidas m\ínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metan\ólico seco (EMS), extrato metan\ólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etan\ólico seco (EES), apresentaram a\ç\ão antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etan\ólico fresco (EEF) n\ão apresentou atividade para as bact\érias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentra\ç\ão de 200 \μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 \μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 \μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 \μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 \μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 \μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacol\ógicas de plantas da fam\ília Araceae s\ão escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho s\ão pioneiros em rela\ç\ão a atividade antibacteriana desta esp\écie.

Palavras-chave: Araceae, bioatividade, extratos alco\ólicos, atividade antibacteriana.

ABSTRACT: Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae). For a long time, medicinal herbs have been used in the treatment of diseases by almost all populations in the world, and although new antibiotics have been developed for the control of infectious micro-organisms, they are sometimes ineffective. Many herbal extracts have antimicrobial effects and represent a potential alternative therapy for infectious diseases, especially when associated with the clinical use of antibiotics. The Montrichardia linifera, popularly known as Aninga, is a robust, herbaceous, emergent aquatic macrophyte belonging to the Araceae family, appearing along rivers and stream margins in the tropical America. The pharmacological application of this species are several ones, having been reported to own a healing, antirheumatic, anti-diuretic and expectorant effect. Due to the relevance in the ethnopharmacological field, the spread use in popular medicine and the few researches related to the antibacterial activity of this specie, the study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of alcoholic leaf extracts of plants of Montrichardia linifera collected along the margins of Rio Igara\çu, Parna\íba, Piau\í, Brazil. The extract was tested in eight strains of ATCC bacterial standards: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The verification techniques used were the formation of inhibition halos, and the determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC). The antibacterial tests showed, as main results, that dried methanol extract (EMS), fresh methanol extract (EMF) and dry ethanol extract (EES) exhibited antibacterial activity, while the fresh ethanol extract (EEF) was inactive against the tested bacteria. The EMS was the most efficient one, inhibiting bacterial growth at a concentration of 200 \μg/mL for E. faecalis, 400 \μg/mL for S. aureus 400 \μg/mL for S. epidermidis and 2.000 \μg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The EMF obtained a MIC of 2.000 \μg/mL for E. faecalis and EES obtained a MIC of 250 \μg/mL for E. faecalis. The results showed that M. linifera is an efficient source of bioactive antibacterial compounds. Studies about the pharmacological properties of plants of the family Araceae are scarce, and the results of this work are pioneer in regard to the antibacterial activity of this species.

Keywords: Araceae, bioactivity, alcoholic extracts, antibacterial activity.

}, author = {Miranda, J.A.L. and Rocha, J.A. and Ara{\'u}jo, K.M. and Quelemes, P.V. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {23, title = {Ocorr{\^e}ncia de Crenea maritima (Lythraceae) para o Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba, Brasil}, journal = {Rodrigu{\'e}sia}, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {931-937}, chapter = {931}, abstract = {

Resumo
O g\ênero Crenea \é composto por duas esp\écies, Crenea maritima e C. patentinervis, restrito \às costas e estu\ários do norte da Am\érica do Sul da Col\ômbia ao Par\á, no Brasil. Estudos taxon\ômicos tratando exclusivamente de Crenea s\ão restritos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo divulgar a ocorr\ência de Crenea maritima para o Delta do Rio Parna\íba (Piau\í e Maranh\ão), assim como caracterizar sua morfologia, taxonomia e condi\ç\ões ecol\ógicas. As ilustra\ç\ões foram baseadas nos principais caracteres diagn\ósticos das amostras coletadas.

Palavras-chave: Crenea, macr\ófita aqu\ática, mangue, nova ocorr\ência.

Abstract
The genus Crenea consists of two species, Crenea maritima and C. patentinervis, restricted to the coasts and estuaries of northern South America from Colombia to Par\á in Brazil. Taxonomic studies dealing exclusively Crenea are few. This study reports a new record for Crenea maritima in the Delta of the Rio Parna\íba (Piau\í and Maranh\ão states, Brazil), as well as characterizing the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of this species. The illustrations was based on the main diagnostic characters of the species as observed in the collected samples.


Key words: Crenea, aquatic macrophytes, mangrove, new record.

}, author = {Silva, M. Francilene S. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {22, title = {Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the community of Sobradinho, Lu{\'\i}s Correia, Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2015}, month = {08/2015}, pages = {872-883}, chapter = {872}, abstract = {

An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Sobradinho community, Lu\ís Correia, Piau\í, Brazil was undertaken to recover and document traditional knowledge with the aim of supporting chemical, biological, agronomic, pharmaceutical and socio-economic studies related to the region\&$\#$39;s biodiversity. Fifteen research visits to the community were made between March 2013 to January 2014 involving 31 respondents from the community, the majority (74.4\%) being women aged between 27 and 84 years. The methodology used was interview by the snowball method using questionnaires. Analysis of the data gathered was based on use value and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Botanical voucher specimens were made of the species cited by informants and deposited at the HDELTA herbarium. 57 species belonging to 33 families were identified, of which 56\% were native and 44\% exotic. The best represented families were Fabaceae (14\%), Lamiaceae and Myrtaceae (9\% each). The leaves were the most frequently used plant parts (69\%), followed by the stem (22\%), fruit (4\%), flower (2\%), root and seed (1\%). The species that showed the highest use value (VU) were Cymbopogon
citratus (DC.) Stapf (capim-santo) and Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) with VU = 0.26. The Shannon-Wiener index value was highest for the elderly group (n=15, 48\% of total respondents), but young people were not represented among the informants. A total of 67 different medicinal indications were recorded, the highest number of species being used to treat medical conditions associated with inflammation, pain and fever. Informants claimed to have learned the use of medicinal plants from older members of the community and there was little interest evident among young people in acquiring this knowledge. Community informants are the holders of medicinal plant knowledge of the local flora and its practical application.

}, author = {Silva, J.D.A. and Nascimento, M.G.P. and Grazina, L.G. and Castro, K.N.C. and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {21, title = {Geometric morphometrics of leaves of Anacardium microcarpum Ducke and A. occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) from the coastal region of Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Botany }, volume = {37}, year = {2014}, month = {07/2014}, pages = {315-327}, chapter = {315}, abstract = {

Anacardium microcarpum (caju\í) differs from A. occidentale (cashew) by its smaller drupe and hypocarp and more restricted range in cerrados and coastal plateaux of Brazil\’s Par\á, Maranh\ão, Piau\í, Cear\á and Rio Grande do Norte states. Taxonomists treat A. microcarpum as conspecific with A. occidentale, but many agronomists treat it as distinct. This study used geometric morphometrics to investigate leaf shape differences between the two taxa in ten populations from coastal Piau\í state, Brazil with samples of 300\–380 leaves. Configurations of two landmarks and 14 semilandmarks were digitized along the leaf outline from standardized images and subjected to multivariate analysis after Procrustes alignment. Principal component analysis produced four significant principal component shape variables accounting for 79.5 \% total variance. These were visualized using thin-plate spline analysis. Discriminant analysis showed a significant difference between the taxon means (P = 0.003). Jackknife cross-validation correctly classified only 61.3 \% of A. occidentale individuals and 56.7 \% of A. microcarpum. Non-Parametric MANOVA of the ten populations showed significant population differences (P = 0.0001). The most isolated population (Cocal da Esta\ç\ão)\—the only one from the interior of the state\—differed most. A Mantel test found no significant correlation between morphological dissimilarity and geographical distance. Although leaf shape differences both between taxa and populations were statistically significant, overlap made leaf shape difference alone ineffective for separating A. microcarpum from A. occidentale.

}, author = {Vieira, Marcia and Mayo, Simon J. and Andrade, Ivanilza M.} } @article {20, title = {The Araceae in Cear{\'a}, Brazil: humid forest plants in a semi-arid region}, journal = {Rodriguesia}, volume = {64}, year = {2013}, month = {24 Sep 2013}, pages = {1-33}, type = {research}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the Araceae of Cear\á, a state lying within Brazil\’s semi-arid region. The aroid flora shows greater similarity to those of central Brazil and Amazonia than to the Atlantic forest. Most species occur in humid forest fragments - the \“florestas serranas\”. Geophytes are also found in caatinga and dry forest (Taccarum ulei) and lithophytes on rock outcrops in dry forest (Philodendron acutatum). Floating aquatics occur in ponds and lakes throughout the state (Pistia stratiotes, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna minuta, Spirodela intermedia, Wolffia columbiana, Wolffiella welwitschii), and freshwater helophytes (Montrichardia linifera) along river margins. 28 taxa (species and varieties) in 19 genera are described and most are illustrated: Anthurium (three spp.), Caladium (one sp.), Dieffenbachia (one sp.), Dracontium (one sp.), Lemna (two spp.), Monstera (two spp., one with two varieties), Montrichardia (one sp.), Philodendron (four spp.), Pistia (one sp.), Scaphispatha (one sp.), Spathicarpa (one sp.), Spathiphyllum (one sp.), Spirodela (one sp.), Syngonium (one sp.), Taccarum (one sp.), Wolffia (one sp.), Wolffiella (one sp.), Xanthosoma (two spp.), Zomicarpa (one sp.). New records for Cear\á are Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia, Dracontium nivosum, Monstera adansonii var. laniata, Philodendron sp. aff. ruthianum and the naturalized exotic Typhonium roxburghii. An identification key and data on geographic distribution and conservation status are provided.

}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and Silva, M. Francilene S. and Sousa, Danilo, J.L. and Matias, Ligia Q. and Ribeiro, Thales A.} } @article {11, title = {Observations on Habitat, Activity, Foraging, and Diet in the Amazon Treeboa, Corallus hortulanus, on Batatas Island, Parna{\'\i}ba Delta, Piau{\'\i}, Brazil}, journal = {IRCF Reptiles \& Amphibians}, volume = {17}, year = {2010}, pages = {221}, chapter = {219}, abstract = {

Batatas Island represents a small portion of P arna\íba Delta, measuring
15 km2, bordered to the west by the Rio P arna\íba and to the east by
Lontras and M irim creeks. M ost of the land is devoted to agriculture, rice
in the region that comprises gallery forest, and sugarcane and banana plantations
in the interior.
Between June 2009 and S eptember 2010, 80 encounters with Amazon
Treeboas (Corallus hortulanus) resulted in a total of 144 hours of observations
of individuals in size classes ranging from juveniles to large adults. Forty percent
of observations were of adults, 50\% subadults, and 10\% juveniles.

}, author = {Pedro da Costa Silva}, editor = {Robert W. H enderson} } @article {10, title = {Genetic variation in natural populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum (Araceae) from north-east Brazil using AFLP molecular markers}, journal = {Journal of the Linnean Society,}, volume = {159}, year = {2009}, pages = {155}, chapter = {88}, abstract = {

Genetic variation was investigated using AFLP markers in 12 populations of Anthurium sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum (Araceae) in north-east Brazil, Amazonia and the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Two unique genetic patterns characterized the populations of A. sinuatum as a group, but no correlation between genetic and geographical interpopulation distance was found; the Amazonian population was not separated from that in Cear\á. The isolated Cear\á brejo populations of A. sinuatum were genetically distinct, but genetic diversity levels were similar to populations elsewhere, with no evidence of genetic erosion. Anthurium pentaphyllum populations were significantly different from each other; Bayesian genetic structural analysis found no common genetic pattern, but revealed genetic clusters unique to subgroups and individual populations in the Atlantic forest and French Guiana. Anthurium pentaphyllum and A. sinuatum can be distinguished genetically, but individuals of both species formed intermediate genetic clusters that blurred their distinction. We suggest that genetic mixing of A. sinuatum and A. pentaphyllum has occurred in north-east Brazil, possibly connected with cycles of humid forest expansion. The weak genetic structure in A. sinuatum is consistent with the natural fragmentation of continuous forest areas, possibly during the Holocene.

}, keywords = {Amazonia, Atlantic forest, brejo forests, French Guiana, species limits}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and van den Berg, C. and Fay, M.F. and Chester, M. and Lexer, C. and Kirkup, D.} } @article {8, title = {A Preliminary Study of Genetic Variation in Populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae) from North-East Brazil, Estimated with AFLP Molecular Markers}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, volume = {100}, year = {2007}, pages = {1154}, chapter = {1143}, abstract = {

\† Background and Aims This study sought genetic evidence of long-term isolation in populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae), a herbaceous, probably outbreeding, humid forest hemi-epiphyte, in the brejo forests of Ceara\´ (north-east Brazil), and clarification of their relationships with populations in Amazonia and the Atlantic forest of Brazil. \† Methods Within-population genetic diversity and between-population dissimilarity were estimated using AFLP molecular markers in 75 individuals from eight populations located in Ceara\´, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Amazonia. \† Key Results The populations showed a clinal pattern of weak genetic differentiation over a large geographical region (FST \¼ 0.1896). A strong correlation between genetic and geographical distance (Mantel test: r \¼ 0.6903, P \¼ 0.002) suggests a historical pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic structure analysis revealed at least two distinct gene pools in the data. The two isolated Ceara\´ populations are significantly different from each other ( pairwise FPT \¼ 0.137, P \¼ 0.003) and as diverse (Nei\’s gene diversity, average He \¼ 0.1832, 0.1706) as those in the Atlantic and Amazon forest regions. The population in southern Brazil is less diverse (Nei\’s gene diversity, average He \¼ 0.127) than the rest. The Ceara\´ populations are related to those of the Atlantic forest rather than those from Amazonia (AMOVA, among-groups variation \¼ 11.95 \%, P \¼ 0.037). \†Conclusions The gene pools detected within an overall pattern of clinal variation suggest distinct episodes of gene flow, possibly correlated with past humid forest expansions. The Ceara\´ populations show no evidence of erosion of genetic diversity, although this was expected because of their isolation. Their genetic differentiation and relatively high diversity reinforce the importance of conserving the endangered brejo forests..

}, author = {Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J. and van den Berg, C. and Fay, M.F. and Chester, M. and Lexer, C. and Kirkup, D.} } @article {7, title = {Geometric morphometrics of leaf blade shape in Montrichardia linifera (Araceae) populations from the Rio Parna{\'\i}ba Delta, north-east Brazil}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {170}, year = {2012}, pages = {572}, chapter = {554}, abstract = {

Leaf characters of populations of the aquatic macrophyte Montrichardia linifera were studied using geometric morphometrics to compare variation with traditional circumscriptions of the two recognized species. Two hundred and ten individuals were sampled from seven populations in the delta region of the Rio Parna\íba, north-east Brazil. Six landmarks of the leaf blade were digitized from images and analysed with MorphoJ software. Procrustesaligned configurations were studied using principal component analysis and canonical variates analysis in the pooled data and individual populations. Sinus shape variation was studied using landmark configurations of the posterior lobe basiscopic lamina. Covariation of leaf blade shape, basiscopic lamina shape, secondary vein number and petiole ligule length was investigated with partial least squares analysis. Allometry of these variables with leaf blade centroid size was investigated using multivariate regression, linear modelling and analysis of covariance. Measured variables varied continuously over the ranges previously reported for the two species. The characters of the two species morphotypes covaried and were only partly influenced by allometric effects. Symmetric shape variables predominated, but a distinctive left- and right-handed asymmetry occurred in all populations. Genetic and ecological studies are needed to investigate the significant inter-population differences further. The study offers a methodology for a broader combined morphometric/molecular investigation

}, keywords = {allometry, Maranh{\~a}o, MorphoJ, multivariate analysis, Piau{\'\i}, taxonomy}, author = {Silva, M. Francilene S. and Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Mayo, Simon J.} } @book {6, title = {Biodiversidade do Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba: litoral piauiense}, year = {2012}, pages = {465}, publisher = {EDUFPI (Editora da Universidade Federal do Piau{\'\i})}, organization = {EDUFPI (Editora da Universidade Federal do Piau{\'\i})}, address = {Parna{\'\i}ba}, abstract = {

O Delta do Rio Parna\íba \é considerado o terceiro maior do mundo e o \único encontrado no Continente Americano a desaguar diretamente no oceano, possui uma ampla \área de cobertura com cerca de 2.750 km\², e \é caracterizado como um complexo mosaico de ecossistemas entrecortados por ba\ías e estu\ários. Situado entre os Estados do Piau\í e Maranh\ão, caracteriza-se como uma regi\ão fluvio-marinha bastante din\âmica formada pela tens\ão ecol\ógica entre as forma\ç\ões de Cerrado, Caatinga e Sistemas marinhos. Devido \à sua alta produtividade prim\ária \é considerado como um santu\ário reprodutivo para in\úmeras esp\écies migrat\órias.
Apesar da influ\ência desses biomas e da grande extens\ão, pouco se sabe sobre a biodiversidade encontrada na regi\ão. Trabalhos que enfoquem a biodiversidade do Delta s\ão recentes e bastante escassos. A grande heterogeneidade de ambientes encontrada no Delta oferece diferentes condi\ç\ões de h\ábitats, o que possibilita a distribui\ç\ão da fauna e flora de acordo com as caracter\ísticas ambientais adequadas para o desenvolvimento de cada esp\écie.
O objetivo desse livro foi organizar e divulgar as principais pesquisas desenvolvidas no Delta, tanto dos professores e alunos da UFPI e UESPI, quanto de ONGs locais, e est\á organizado em cap\ítulos de forma a resgatar a ordem filogen\ética das esp\écies (Algas, Fungos, Plantas, Peixes, Anf\íbios, R\épteis, Aves e Mam\íferos), e alguns desses cap\ítulos apresentam o conhecimento tradicional das comunidades locais, outros caracterizam os principais aspectos socioecon\ômicos da regi\ão e h\á um fechamento do livro com atividades de educa\ç\ão ambiental, pois o homem, al\ém de fazer parte do meio ambiente, quando consciente \é respons\ável por sua manuten\ç\ão.

}, keywords = {Algas, Anf{\'\i}bios, Aves, Brasil, Delta do Parna{\'\i}ba, Fungos, Mam{\'\i}feros, Peixes, Piau{\'\i}, Plantas, R{\'e}pteis}, author = {Guzzi, Anderson and Andrade, Ivanilza M. and Alves, M. Helena and Lima, Eudes F.} }